Donald Trump and vaccination: The effect of political identity, conspiracist ideation and presidential tweets on vaccine hesitancy
Donald Trump and vaccination: The effect of political identity, conspiracist ideation and presidential tweets on vaccine hesitancy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103947
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发表时间：
2020-05-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Begeny, Christopher T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hornsey, Matthew J.;Finlayson, Matthew;Begeny, Christopher T.
唐纳德·特朗普是第一位有记录显示反对疫苗接种态度的美国总统。鉴于他的巨大影响力，值得研究一下对特朗普的忠诚与公众对疫苗安全性和有效性的看法之间的关系。在研究 1 (N = 518) 和研究 2 (N = 316) 中，特朗普选民比其他美国人更关心疫苗。在控制了阴谋主义观念（即普遍愿意相信阴谋论）以及较小程度的政治保守主义之后，这种趋势被降低到无意义。在研究 2 中，参与者随后接触到了真实的特朗普推文，这些推文要么关注他的反疫苗接种观点，要么关注高尔夫（控制条件）。与一周前对同一受访者进行抽样调查时相比，对疫苗的担忧显着增加，但仅限于接触过反疫苗推文的特朗普选民。其影响完全是负面的：没有证据表明特朗普的反疫苗推文使自由派选民两极分化，变得更加支持疫苗接种。与领导力的社会认同模型相一致，研究2表明，一些领导者不仅仅代表群体的态度和观点，而且还可以改变群体成员的观点。
Donald Trump is the first U.S. President to be on the record as having anti-vaccination attitudes. Given his enormous reach and influence, it is worthwhile examining the extent to which allegiance to Trump is associated with the public's perceptions of vaccine safety and efficacy. In both Study 1 (N = 518) and Study 2 (N = 316), Trump voters were significantly more concerned about vaccines than other Americans. This tendency was reduced to non-significance after controlling for conspiracist ideation (i.e., general willingness to believe conspiracy theories) and, to a lesser degree, political conservatism. In Study 2, participants were later exposed to real Trump tweets that either focused on his anti-vaccination views, or focused on golf (the control condition). Compared to when the same respondents were sampled a week earlier, there was a significant increase in vaccine concern, but only among Trump voters who were exposed to the anti-vaccination tweets. The effects were exclusively negative: there was no evidence that anti-vaccination Trump tweets polarized liberal voters into becoming more pro-vaccination. In line with the social identity model of leadership, Study 2 indicates that some leaders do not simply represent the attitudes and opinions of the group, but can also change group members' opinions.