Regional Applications of Lake Sediment Dating by Spheroidal Carbonaceous Particle Analysis I: United Kingdom
Regional Applications of Lake Sediment Dating by Spheroidal Carbonaceous Particle Analysis I: United Kingdom
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球状碳质颗粒分析湖泊沉积物测年的区域应用 I：英国
DOI：
10.1007/s10933-005-4925-4
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
P. Appleby
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Rose;P. Appleby
球状碳质粉煤灰颗粒（scp）是由煤和石油等化石燃料的高温燃烧产生的。它们不是由任何自然过程产生的，因此是发电和其他工业来源产生的大气沉积的明确指标。在湖泊沉积物中，SCP浓度剖面是可靠的、可复制的，通常具有区域特征，因此主要剖面特征可用于沉积物测年。英国之前的工作提供了苏格兰、北威尔士和北爱尔兰三个主要SCP特征的日期，也强调了英国其他地区信息的缺乏。在这项研究中，为了确定时间趋势的区域一致性，从整个英国的80个放射性核素年代沉积物岩心中编译了存档的SCP数据和新的SCP浓度剖面。使用SCP累积百分比曲线，将SCP浓度峰值设置为100%，为每个岩心生成每10%的日期。比较这些日期，在英国发现了八个不同的地区，并确定了每个地区的日期累积概况，其中有误差。尽管存在这种地域性，但整个英国的记录开始日期是相同的（1850±25年），40%和50%的记录开始日期分别是1940±15年和1955±15年。前者的国家一致性被认为是由于这一时期的放射性核素日期有很大的置信度限制，而后者被认为是由于第二次世界大战后电力需求的大幅增加以及廉价燃油的广泛引入和使用的影响。自1960年代以来，由于粒子拦阻技术的采用、重工业的衰落、转向更少和更大的来源，特别是发电站，以及最近地平线日期的准确性的提高，区域化的趋势日益明显。在受爱尔兰排放影响的英国和一些西部地区，区域趋势可以与工业发展相比较。南威尔士和北部岛屿仍存在不确定因素。还计算了1963年每个地区的累积百分位数，以便与241Am和137Cs的峰值进行比较。
Spheroidal carbonaceous fly-ash particles (SCPs) are produced by the high temperature combustion of fossil-fuels such as coal and oil. They are not produced by any natural processes and therefore are unambiguous indicators of atmospheric deposition from power generation and other industrial sources. In lake sediments, SCP concentration profiles are robust, replicable and often regionally characteristic such that the main profile features can be used for sediment dating. Previous work in the UK provided dates for the three main SCP profile features for Scotland, North Wales and Northern Ireland and also highlighted the lack of information for the rest of the UK. In this study, archived SCP data and new SCP concentration profiles were compiled from 80 radionuclide-dated sediment cores from across the whole of the UK in order to determine the regional coherence of temporal trends. Using SCP cumulative percentage profiles, with the SCP concentration peak set as 100%, dates for each 10% were produced for each core. Comparing these dates, eight distinct regions were found within the UK and dated cumulative profiles, with errors, were determined for each. Despite this regionality, the whole of the UK showed the same date for the start of the record (1850±25 years) and for the 40- and 50% (1940±15 and 1955±15, respectively). The national coherence of the former is thought to be due to the large confidence limits in the radionuclide dates for this period, whilst the latter is thought to be due to the impact from the major increase in electricity demand following the Second World War and the widespread introduction and use of cheap fuel-oil. Since the 1960s the trend has been one of increasing regionalisation resulting from the introduction of particle arrestor technology, the decline of heavy industry, the move to fewer and larger sources, particularly power stations, and an increase in accuracy for the dates of recent horizons. Regional trends are seen to compare well with industrial development in the UK and in some western areas influenced by emissions from Ireland. Areas of uncertainty remain in South Wales and the northern isles. A cumulative percentile was also calculated for each region for 1963 in order that this can be compared with the 241Am and 137Cs peaks.