Sex Segregation in the U.S. Labor Force
Sex Segregation in the U.S. Labor Force
复制标题
美国劳动力中的性别隔离
DOI：
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Amy Wharton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Burris;Amy Wharton
本文考察了 1950 年至 1979 年间美国劳动力性别隔离的结构和发展。研究结果表明，战后时期性别隔离的总体程度具有相当程度的稳定性。纯男性职业的就业占男性劳动力总数的百分比有下降的趋势，但这已被女性工人更加集中于纯女性职业的趋势所抵消。在性别隔离程度总体稳定的背后，不同职业部门的性别隔离模式存在重要差异。总体而言，战后中产阶级（即专业、技术和管理）职业的性别隔离程度显着下降，而工人阶级（即蓝领和下层白领）职业的性别隔离则保持稳定或在某些情况下有所增加。这些结果是在分割劳动力市场理论的框架内并根据雇主和男性雇员在维护职业性别隔离方面的不同利益来解释的。本文最后考虑了这些发现对制定减少职业性别隔离战略的影响。
This paper examines the structure and development of sex segregation in the U.S. labor force between 1950 and 1979. The findings show that there has been a considerable degree of stability in the overall extent of sex segregation during the postwar period. There has been some tendency for employment in exclusively male occupations to decline as a percentage of the total male labor force, but this has been counterbalanced by a tendency for women workers to become more concentrated in exclusively female occupations. Beneath this overall stability in the extent of sex segregation there are important differences in the patterns of sex segregation in different occupational sectors. In general, there has been a significant decline in the degree of sex segregation in middle-class (i.e., professional, technical and managerial) occupations during the postwar period, while segregation in working-class (i.e., blue-collar and lower whitecollar) occupations has remained stable or increased in some cases. These results are interpreted within the framework of segmented labor market theory and in terms of the differential interests of employers and male employees in the preservation of occupational sex segregation. The paper concludes by considering the implications of these findings for the development of strategies to reduce sex segregation in occupations.