Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity
Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity
复制标题
植物生物多样性遥感
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Philip A. Townsend
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jeannine Cavender;John A. Gamon;Philip A. Townsend
终于到了一段时间以来，世界一直需要一个文本，为如何应对人类世生物多样性下降的挑战提供新的理论基础和实践指导。这是一个全球性挑战，需要采取全球性办法来理解其范围和影响。直到最近，我们一直缺乏这样做的工具。我们现在正进入一个时代，在这个时代中，我们可以切实地开始了解和监测全球范围内的生物多样性的多层面现象。这个时代建立在三个世纪以来对现场生物多样性和景观水平的科学研究的基础上，在过去二十年中，携带光谱仪、激光雷达和雷达的机载研究平台进行了扩展，以进行更大规模的观察。新兴的国际网络的细粒度原位生物多样性观测补充天基传感器提供粗粒度的图像，但全球覆盖的生态系统的组成，功能和结构一起提供必要的信息，以监测和跟踪全球生物多样性的变化。
这本书是一个路线图，如何观察和解释陆地生物多样性跨越尺度，通过植物初级生产者和营养金字塔的基础。它尊重生物多样性存在于不同层面的事实，包括系统发育和功能。然后，它将生物多样性的这些方面与另一个维度，即遥感捕获的光谱多样性联系起来
从叶片到树冠再到生物群落的尺度上操作的仪器。生物多样性界需要一块罗塞塔石碑，以便在卫星遥感及其产生的光谱多样性的语言与探索地球上生命的系统发育多样性和功能特征多样性的语言之间进行翻译。通过组装重要的翻译，这卷已经全球化，我们有能力跟踪生物多样性的状态和变化。因此，一个全球性问题符合全球解决办法的一个关键组成部分。
编辑们巧妙地把这本书分为三个部分。第一部分讨论了陆地植物多样性遥感背后的理论：为什么光谱多样性与植物功能性状和系统发育多样性有关。从第一原理开始，它将植物生物化学，生理学和宏观生态学与遥感光谱联系起来，并探索我们观察到的模式背后的过程。来自该领域的例子表明，多学科的综合正在兴起，以创建一个新的跨空间和光谱的生物多样性科学。
第2部分讨论了如何实现这一不断发展的科学。它侧重于过多的新的原位，空中和空间地球观测工具，目前和即将推出，同时也纳入了实际的方式，使生物多样性测量与这些工具。它包括组织和开展实地活动的指示。在整个过程中，重点是新兴的成像光谱学领域，它正在彻底改变我们远程表征生命的能力。
第3部分讨论了任何使生物多样性观测全球化的努力的一个首要问题，即规模问题。它从两个角度解决规模问题。第一个是将不同空间、时间和光谱分辨率的观测结果结合起来，以便更好地理解，也就是说，什么尺度以及如何尺度。这是一个正在进行的研究领域，由观测系统的创新和不断提高的计算能力共同驱动。第二个是扩展挑战的组织方面。它探讨了将多尺度观测整合到全球网络中的现有框架。这里的重点是可以采取哪些实际步骤来组织多尺度数据，以及在这方面已经发生了什么。这些框架包括基本的生物多样性变量和地球观测组织生物多样性观测网络。
这本书构成了一个端到端的指南，结合了最新的研究和技术，涵盖了植物生物多样性遥感的理论和实践。在把它放在一起，编辑和他们的合著者，都在各自的领域杰出的，做了一个伟大的服务，为那些寻求了解和保护地球上的生命，正是在我们最需要它。因为，如果世界要对全球范围的生物多样性丧失危机做出协调一致的反应，就必须首先对我们正在丧失的东西进行充分的全球性衡量。
At last, here it is. For some time now, the world has needed a text providing both a new theoretical foundation and practical guidance on how to approach the challenge of biodiversity decline in the Anthropocene. This is a global challenge demanding global approaches to understand its scope and implications. Until recently, we have simply lacked the tools to do so. We are now entering an era in which we can realistically begin to understand and monitor the multidimensional phenomenon of biodiversity at a planetary scale. This era builds upon three centuries of scientific research on biodiversity at site to landscape levels, augmented over the past two decades by airborne research platforms carrying spectrometers, lidars, and radars for larger-scale observations. Emerging international networks of fine-grain in-situ biodiversity observations complemented by space-based sensors offering coarser-grain imagery—but global coverage—of ecosystem composition, function, and structure together provide the information necessary to monitor and track change in biodiversity globally.
This book is a road map on how to observe and interpret terrestrial biodiversity across scales through plants—primary producers and the foundation of the trophic pyramid. It honors the fact that biodiversity exists across different dimensions, including both phylogenetic and functional. Then, it relates these aspects of biodiversity to another dimension, the spectral diversity captured by remote sensing
instruments operating at scales from leaf to canopy to biome. The biodiversity community has needed a Rosetta Stone to translate between the language of satellite remote sensing and its resulting spectral diversity and the languages of those exploring the phylogenetic diversity and functional trait diversity of life on Earth. By assembling the vital translation, this volume has globalized our ability to track biodiversity state and change. Thus, a global problem meets a key component of the global solution.
The editors have cleverly built the book in three parts. Part 1 addresses the theory behind the remote sensing of terrestrial plant biodiversity: why spectral diversity relates to plant functional traits and phylogenetic diversity. Starting with first principles, it connects plant biochemistry, physiology, and macroecology to remotely sensed spectra and explores the processes behind the patterns we observe. Examples from the field demonstrate the rising synthesis of multiple disciplines to create a new cross-spatial and spectral science of biodiversity.
Part 2 discusses how to implement this evolving science. It focuses on the plethora of novel in-situ, airborne, and spaceborne Earth observation tools currently and soon to be available while also incorporating the ways of actually making biodiversity measurements with these tools. It includes instructions for organizing and conducting a field campaign. Throughout, there is a focus on the burgeoning field of imaging spectroscopy, which is revolutionizing our ability to characterize life remotely.
Part 3 takes on an overarching issue for any effort to globalize biodiversity observations, the issue of scale. It addresses scale from two perspectives. The first is that of combining observations across varying spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions for better understanding—that is, what scales and how. This is an area of ongoing research driven by a confluence of innovations in observation systems and rising computational capacity. The second is the organizational side of the scaling challenge. It explores existing frameworks for integrating multi-scale observations within global networks. The focus here is on what practical steps can be taken to organize multi-scale data and what is already happening in this regard. These frameworks include essential biodiversity variables and the Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON).
This book constitutes an end-to-end guide uniting the latest in research and techniques to cover the theory and practice of the remote sensing of plant biodiversity. In putting it together, the editors and their coauthors, all preeminent in their fields, have done a great service for those seeking to understand and conserve life on Earth—just when we need it most. For if the world is ever to construct a coordinated response to the planetwide crisis of biodiversity loss, it must first assemble adequate—and global—measures of what we are losing.