The Stranger: An Essay in Social Psychology
The Stranger: An Essay in Social Psychology
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陌生人：社会心理学论文
DOI：
10.1086/219472
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发表时间：
1944
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Alfred Schuetz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alfred Schuetz
一个社会群体所特有的文化模式，对于其成员来说，无疑是一种参照体系。它确定了他们在标准化情况下“照常思考”的相关层次，以及处理所涉及的测试“食谱”所需的知识程度。然而，走近的陌生人并不认同某些基本假设，而这些基本假设恰恰证明了这些食谱的功能。他不得不质疑那些在群体内看来毫无疑问的东西，甚至不能相信关于模式总体风格的模糊知识，而需要明确了解其要素。这必然会打乱陌生人习惯的关联系统。彻底修改他的定位和解释方案，以及他的匿名、典型性和偶然性概念，是任何可能的调整的先决条件。
The cultural pattern peculiar to a social group functions for its members as an unquestioned scheme of reference. It determines the strata of relevance for their "thinking as usual" in standardized situations and the degree of knowledge required for handling the tested "recipes" involved. The approaching stranger, however, does not share certain basic assumptions which alone guarante the functioning of these recipes. He has to place in question what seems unquestionable to the in-group and cannot even put his trust in a vague knowledge about the general style of the pattern but needs explicit knowledge of its elements. This entails a dislocation of the stranger's habitual system of relevance. A thorough modification of his schemes of orientation and interpretation and of his concepts of anonymity, typicality, and chance is the prerequisite of any possible adjustment.