Estrogen in the adult male reproductive tract: a review.
Estrogen in the adult male reproductive tract: a review.
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DOI：
10.1186/1477-7827-1-52
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发表时间：
2003-07-09
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hess, Rex A
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作者：
Hess, Rex A
睾酮和雌激素不再被认为是男性专用和女性专用的激素。这两种激素对两性都很重要。早在20世纪30年代，人们就知道发育期暴露于高剂量的雌激素会导致男性生殖道畸形，但生殖生物学作为一门学科的早期形成时期并没有认识到雌激素在调节成年男性生殖道正常功能方面的重要性。在成年睾丸中，雌激素由间质细胞和生殖细胞合成，在睾丸网液中产生相对较高的浓度。雌激素受体存在于大多数物种的睾丸、输出小管和附睾中。然而，雌激素受体-α是缺乏在一些物种的睾丸，包括man. Estrogen受体丰富的传出小管上皮细胞，其主要功能是调节蛋白质的表达参与液体重吸收的报告。α-受体的破坏，无论是在敲除（alphaERKO）或治疗与纯抗雌激素，导致稀释附睾尾部精子，精子形态破坏，抑制钠转运和随后的水重吸收，增加分泌的Cl-，并最终降低生育力。除了这种主要调节腔液和离子转运外，雌激素还负责维持分化的上皮形态。因此，我们得出结论，雌激素或其α受体是男性生育的绝对必要条件。
Testosterone and estrogen are no longer considered male only and female only hormones. Both hormones are important in both sexes. It was known as early as the 1930's that developmental exposure to a high dose of estrogen causes malformation of the male reproductive tract, but the early formative years of reproductive biology as a discipline did not recognize the importance of estrogen in regulating the normal function of the adult male reproductive tract. In the adult testis, estrogen is synthesized by Leydig cells and the germ cells, producing a relatively high concentration in rete testis fluid. Estrogen receptors are present in the testis, efferent ductules and epididymis of most species. However, estrogen receptor-alpha is reported absent in the testis of a few species, including man. Estrogen receptors are abundant in the efferent ductule epithelium, where their primary function is to regulate the expression of proteins involved in fluid reabsorption. Disruption of the alpha-receptor, either in the knockout (alphaERKO) or by treatment with a pure antiestrogen, results in dilution of cauda epididymal sperm, disruption of sperm morphology, inhibition of sodium transport and subsequent water reabsorption, increased secretion of Cl-, and eventual decreased fertility. In addition to this primary regulation of luminal fluid and ion transport, estrogen is also responsible for maintaining a differentiated epithelial morphology. Thus, we conclude that estrogen or its alpha-receptor is an absolute necessity for fertility in the male.