Importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions in lowering the viral inoculum to reduce susceptibility to infection by SARS-CoV-2 and potentially disease severity.
Importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions in lowering the viral inoculum to reduce susceptibility to infection by SARS-CoV-2 and potentially disease severity.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30982-8
复制
发表时间：
2021-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gandhi M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spinelli MA;Glidden DV;Gennatas ED;Bielecki M;Beyrer C;Rutherford G;Chambers H;Goosby E;Gandhi M
坚持非药物干预措施，以防止严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的传播一直是高度可变的设置，特别是在美国。在本个人观点中，我们回顾了支持病毒接种物（随时间推移来自感染源的病毒颗粒剂量）在增加人类呼吸道、胃肠道和性传播病毒感染的感染概率方面的重要性的数据。我们还审查了现有的证据连接的关系，病毒接种疾病的严重程度。非药物干预可能会降低对SARS-CoV-2感染的易感性，当暴露于感染源时，减少病毒接种。来自物理科学研究的数据表明，口罩通过过滤来自外部来源的病毒来保护佩戴者，而其他人则通过减少佩戴者排出病毒来保护佩戴者。社交距离、洗手和改善通风也可以减少感染源的病毒颗粒暴露量。在我们进入大流行的第二个年头之际，保持和增加非药物干预措施有助于平息SARS-CoV-2。最后，我们认为，即使安全有效的疫苗正在推出，非药物干预将继续发挥重要作用，抑制SARS-CoV-2的传播，直到公平和广泛的疫苗管理已经完成。
Adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been highly variable across settings, particularly in the USA. In this Personal View, we review data supporting the importance of the viral inoculum (the dose of viral particles from an infected source over time) in increasing the probability of infection in respiratory, gastrointestinal, and sexually transmitted viral infections in humans. We also review the available evidence linking the relationship of the viral inoculum to disease severity. Non-pharmaceutical interventions might reduce the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing the viral inoculum when there is exposure to an infectious source. Data from physical sciences research suggest that masks protect the wearer by filtering virus from external sources, and others by reducing expulsion of virus by the wearer. Social distancing, handwashing, and improved ventilation also reduce the exposure amount of viral particles from an infectious source. Maintaining and increasing non-pharmaceutical interventions can help to quell SARS-CoV-2 as we enter the second year of the pandemic. Finally, we argue that even as safe and effective vaccines are being rolled out, non-pharmaceutical interventions will continue to play an essential role in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 transmission until equitable and widespread vaccine administration has been completed.