The developmental consequence of different patterns of maltreatment.
The developmental consequence of different patterns of maltreatment.
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DOI：
10.1016/0145-2134(83)90053-4
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Erickson, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Egeland, B;Sroufe, L A;Erickson, M
通过对267个高风险家庭的纵向研究，确定了四种不同的虐待模式。从怀孕的最后三个月开始，一直到学前阶段，定期对母亲进行测试、访谈和观察。这四类虐待是：身体虐待;敌意/辱骂;心理上不可用;忽视。从剩余的高风险样本中选择了一组提供充分护理的母亲作为对照组。在早些时候的一次随访中，在受虐待的儿童中，发现不成比例的大量婴儿在12个月和18个月时焦虑地依附于母亲，他们在两岁时解决问题的能力很差。在目前的随访中，儿童在42个月时在“障碍箱”和教学情况下被录像，在56个月时在学前情况下被观察。躯体虐待儿童注意力分散，缺乏坚持性、自我控制和积极性，并经历了相当多的负面情绪。那些母亲在心理上不可用的孩子，从婴儿期到学龄前，表现出明显的适应不良模式。正如预期的那样，他们回避母亲，愤怒，不顺从，高度依赖。被忽视的孩子最难集中精力处理各种任务。他们缺乏科普环境所必需的自尊和能动性。
From a longitudinal study of 267 high risk families, four different patterns of maltreatment were identified. The mothers have been tested, interviewed and observed in a number of situations starting during the last trimester of pregnancy and continuing at regularly scheduled intervals through the preschool period. The four maltreatment groups were: physical abuse; hostile/verbally abusive; psychologically unavailable; and neglecting. A control group of mothers who provided adequate care was selected from the remaining high risk sample. In an earlier follow-up, among the maltreated children a disproportionately large number of infants were found to be anxiously attached to their mothers at 12 and 18 months, and their performance in a problem-solving situation at age two was poor. In the current follow-up, the children were videotaped at 42 months in a "barrier box" and teaching situation, and at 56 months they were observed in a preschool situation. The physically abused children were distractible, lacked persistence, ego control and enthusiasm, and experienced considerable negative emotion. The children whose mothers were psychologically unavailable showed marked increases in maladaptive patterns of functioning from infancy through preschool. As expected, they were avoidant of their mother, angry, noncompliant, and they were highly dependent. The neglected children had the most difficulty pulling themselves together to deal with various tasks. They lacked self-esteem and agency necessary to cope with their environment.