Recommendations implicit in policy defaults
Recommendations implicit in policy defaults
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01721.x
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Finkelstein, SR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McKenzie, CRM;Liersch, MJ;Finkelstein, SR
人们应该在死后被视为器官捐赠者，除非他们要求不被视为捐赠者，还是除非他们提出要求，否则不应被视为捐赠者？由于人们倾向于在不同的领域坚持违约，政策制定者对违约的选择具有重大且往往重要的影响。在美国，器官捐赠的默认政策是“不是捐赠者”，每年大约有5000人因为捐赠者太少而死亡。四个实验研究了两个领域--作为器官捐赠者和为退休储蓄--在这些领域中，违约效应会发生，并具有重要的影响。结果表明，违约效应的产生部分是因为政策制定者的态度可以通过他们对违约的选择来揭示，人们认为违约表明了建议的行动方向。政策制定者需要意识到他们选择违约所传达的隐含信息。
Should people be considered organ donors after their death unless they request not to be, or should they not be considered donors unless they request to be? Because people tend to stay with the default in a variety of domains, policymakers' choice of default has large and often important effects. In the United States, where the organ-donation policy default is "not a donor," about 5,000 people die every year because there are too few donors. Four experiments examined two domains-being an organ donor and saving for retirement-where default effects occur and have important implications. The results indicate that default effects occur in part because policymakers' attitudes can be revealed through their choice of default, and people perceive the default as indicating the recommended course of action. Policymakers need to be aware of the implicit messages conveyed by their choice of default.