Hidden in plain sight: The invasive macroalga Caulerpa prolifera evades detection by environmental DNA methods
Hidden in plain sight: The invasive macroalga Caulerpa prolifera evades detection by environmental DNA methods
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隐藏在众目睽睽之下：入侵性大型藻类 Caulerpa prolifera 逃避环境 DNA 方法的检测
DOI：
10.1002/edn3.496
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发表时间：
2024
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Eagle, Robert A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Waters, Tanner;Langlois, Kylie;Gold, Zachary;Theroux, Susanna;Eagle, Robert A.
环境管理人员需要一种快速且具有成本效益的监测工具来跟踪入侵物种的传播，特别是在引入之初。大型藻类考拉帕被认为是其原生范围之外的入侵物种，在大片海底定居，减少了本地物种，并改变了生态系统的功能。在这里，我们建立了一种检测OFC的液滴数字聚合酶链式反应方法。使用内转录间隔区(ITS)从环境DNA海水样本中增殖。虽然检测本身被证实是高效的，但我们发现了FC的浓度。在疫情爆发周围的水柱中，增殖DNA的含量低于可检测的水平。为了了解为什么，我们对加州的两种入侵藻类进行了基于水槽的实验，它们是马尾藻和马尾藻。稳态EDNA浓度(EDNA拷贝数/检测到的生物量)。研究发现，核扩散比以前低了两个数量级。霍内里。文献中报道的稳态浓度的荟萃分析显示，其范围在~104-1011(拷贝/克)之间，揭示了C。在所有已知物种中，增殖体拥有最低的EDNA稳态浓度记录。我们归于C。作为一种单细胞大型藻类，由于其独特的生物学特性，与类似大小的多细胞生物体相比，它减少了可能的EDNA释放模式。重要的是，我们的结果证明了EDNA方法的潜在局限性，脱落速率对物种检测可靠性的影响，以及在现场和实验室环境中对EDNA分析进行基准测试和验证的极端重要性。
Environmental managers need a rapid and cost‐effective monitoring tool for tracking the spread of invasive species, particularly at the onset of introduction. The macroalgaeCaulerpa proliferais considered an invasive species outside its native range, colonizing large patches of seafloor, reducing native species, and altering ecosystem functioning. Here, we developed a droplet digital PCR assay for detection ofC. proliferafrom environmental DNA seawater samples using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. While the assay itself was confirmed to be highly efficient, we discovered concentrations ofC. proliferaeDNA were present below detectable levels in the water column surrounding an outbreak. To understand why, we conducted tank‐based experiments for two California invasive algae species,Caulerpa proliferaandSargassum horneri. The steady‐state eDNA concentration (eDNA copies/ gram of biomass detected) ofC. proliferawas found to be two orders of magnitude lower thanS. horneri. A meta‐analysis of steady‐state concentrations reported in the literature showed a remarkable range from ~104–1011(copies/g), revealingC. proliferato have the lowest recorded steady‐state concentrations of eDNA of any known species. We attributeC. prolifera'slow steady‐state eDNA concentration to its unique biology as a unicellular macroscopic algae which reduces the possible modes of eDNA release compared to similarly sized multicellular organisms. Critically our results demonstrate the potential limits of eDNA approaches, the influence of shedding rates in the reliability of species detections, and the vital importance of benchmarking and validating eDNA assays in both field and laboratory settings.