Metacognition in Later Adulthood: Spared Monitoring Can Benefit Older Adults' Self-Regulation
Metacognition in Later Adulthood: Spared Monitoring Can Benefit Older Adults' Self-Regulation
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DOI：
10.1177/0963721411409026
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Dunlosky, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hertzog, Christopher;Dunlosky, John
元认知包括两个关键概念：对内部状态的监控和基于这种监控的控制策略的适应性使用。我们回顾的研究表明，老化并没有实质性影响的准确性，基本形式的监控编码和提取状态的情景记忆任务，即使它确实影响情景记忆本身。因此，尽管年龄对学习机制有影响，但睡眠监测的准确性可以作为老年人使用补偿策略实现学习目标的基础。基于这一前提的元认知干预研究显示出比传统的策略训练方法更大的学习效果。通过监测了解自我调节策略的使用，可能是老年人在日常生活中有效认知功能的重要工具。
Metacognition includes two key concepts: monitoring of internal states and adaptive use of control strategies based on that monitoring. We review studies that indicate that aging does not materially affect the accuracy of elementary forms of monitoring encoding and retrieval states in episodic-memory tasks, even though it does influence episodic memory itself. Spared monitoring accuracy can therefore serve as a basis for older adults' use of compensatory strategies to achieve learning goals despite the influence of aging on mechanisms of learning. Metacognitive-intervention studies based on this premise show greater effects on learning than do traditional strategy-training approaches. Use of strategies for self-regulation, informed by monitoring, may be an important tool for older adults' effective cognitive functioning in everyday life.