Regulating Genome Editing: For an Enlightened Democratic Governance
Regulating Genome Editing: For an Enlightened Democratic Governance
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s0963180118000403
复制
发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Giubilini, Alberto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cavaliere, Giulia;Devolder, Katrien;Giubilini, Alberto
面对对这项技术及其应用的道德地位持续存在的实质性分歧，我们应该如何监管基因组编辑？在本文中，我们旨在为解决这一问题做出贡献。我们首先提出了两种截然相反的调控基因组编辑的可能方法。第一种方法，我们称之为“精英主义”，其灵感来自约书亚·格林在道德心理学方面的研究。它旨在从抽象的理论层面推导出，如果人们致力于在伦理多元化的背景下实施规范基因组编辑的公共政策，他们会有什么样的偏好。第二种方法，我们称之为民主方法，由Francoise Baylis和Sheila Jasanoff等人捍卫，强调在基因组编辑监管中纳入公众表达的态度的重要性。在指出每一种方法的严重缺点之后，我们提出了我们自己喜欢的方法——“开明民主”方法——它试图结合精英主义和民主方法的优点，同时避免它们的缺点。
How should we regulate genome editing in the face of persistent substantive disagreement about the moral status of this technology and its applications? In this paper, we aim to contribute to resolving this question. We first present two diametrically opposed possible approaches to the regulation of genome editing. A first approach, which we refer to as "elitist," is inspired by Joshua Greene's work in moral psychology. It aims to derive at an abstract theoretical level what preferences people would have if they were committed to implementing public policies regulating genome editing in a context of ethical pluralism. The second approach, which we refer to as the democratic approach, defended by Francoise Baylis and Sheila Jasanoff et al., emphasizes the importance of including the public's expressed attitudes in the regulation of genome editing. After pointing out a serious short-coming with each of these approaches, we propose our own favored approach-the "enlightened democracy" approach-which attempts to combine the strengths of the elitist and democratic approaches while avoiding their weaknesses.