Workshop report: Cryopreservation of aquatic biomedical models
Workshop report: Cryopreservation of aquatic biomedical models
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.10.264
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Tiersch, Terrence R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hagedorn, Mary;Varga, Zoltan;Tiersch, Terrence R.
水生生物医学模式生物的遗传资源是数百万年进化、数十年科学发展和数亿美元研究经费投入的产物。遗传资源（例如，每种模式生物的特定等位基因、转基因或组合）可以被认为是一种可以积累和交换的科学财富，通常以活动物或种质的形式。大规模维持携带这些遗传资源的活水生生物效率低、成本高、风险大。通过将冻存种质库和遗传信息系统与活体动物培养相结合，可以大大增强和支持原位维持。不幸的是，冷冻保存并没有取得很大的进展，大多数水生物种的探索性研究的状态，缺乏广泛的应用，和成功的冷冻保存的方法仍然不明确。对大多数水生物种而言，除精子或体细胞外，没有全面储存生物材料，以代表和保存每个物种的广泛遗传多样性。因此，需要新的方法和标准化的应用，以确保可重现的复苏冷冻保存的材料。此外，还需要开发新技术，以解决新生物材料的保存问题，如水生物种的卵和胚胎。为了实现这些目标，美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）的研究基础设施项目办公室（ORIP）于2017年1月7日至8日举办了水生生物医学模型研讨会，并与亚拉巴马伯明翰的第八届人类疾病水生动物模型会议一起举办。讲习班的目标是评估各种生物医学水生模型中种质冷冻保存的状况，并使科学界的代表能够就具体可行的建议达成共识并确定优先次序，从而推动水生资源冷冻保存领域的发展。该研讨会包括专门讨论水生物种低温保存新方法的会议，讨论当前在保存水生模式种质方面的努力和方法，考虑支持再现性的方法标准化的需要，以及通过建立可扩展的高通量技术来加强储存库开发。研讨会与会者提出了以下三个广泛的建议：1：建立一个全面的，集中的单位（“枢纽”），以编程方式开发培训和记录的冷冻保存方法的水生模型系统。这将包括制定特定物种的协议和方法、外展计划、社区发展和标准化、冷冻服务以及下一代水生冷冻保存专家的培训。2：提供支持创新技术进步的机制，以提高冷冻保存过程的可靠性、再现性、简单性、通量和效率，包括精子的玻璃化和管道，所有水生物种的卵母细胞、卵、胚胎、幼虫、干细胞和体细胞。该建议包括基本的冷冻保存知识和工程技术，如微流体和自动化处理技术。3：实施机制，使各种水生模型储存中心能够增加其规划、人员和能力，以确保遗传资源，并促进水生模型物种储存库的综合全面储存库网络内的互动。
The genetic resources of aquatic biomedical model organisms are the products of millions of years of evolution, decades of scientific development, and hundreds of millions of dollars of research funding investment. Genetic resources (e.g., specific alleles, transgenes, or combinations) of each model organism can be considered a form of scientific wealth that can be accumulated and exchanged, typically in the form of live animals or germplasm. Large-scale maintenance of live aquatic organisms that carry these genetic resources is inefficient, costly, and risky. In situ maintenance may be substantially enhanced and backed up by combining cryopreserved germplasm repositories and genetic information systems with live animal culture. Unfortunately, cryopreservation has not advanced much beyond the status of an exploratory research for most aquatic species, lacks widespread application, and methods for successful cryopreservation remain poorly defined. For most aquatic species biological materials other than sperm or somatic cells are not comprehensively banked to represent and preserve a broad range of genetic diversity for each species. Therefore, new approaches and standardization are needed for repository-level application to ensure reproducible recovery of cryopreserved materials. Additionally, development of new technologies is needed to address preservation of novel biological materials, such as eggs and embryos of aquatic species. To address these goals, the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (ORIP) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) hosted the Cryopreservation of Aquatic Biomedical Models Workshop on January 7 to 8, 2017, in conjunction with the 8th Aquatic Animal Models of Human Disease Conference in Birmingham, Alabama. The goals of the workshop were to assess the status of germplasm cryopreservation in various biomedical aquatic models and allow representatives of the scientific community to develop and prioritize a consensus of specific actionable recommendations that will move the field of cryopreservation of aquatic resources forward. This workshop included sessions devoted to new approaches for cryopreservation of aquatic species, discussion of current efforts and approaches in preservation of aquatic model germplasm, consideration of needs for standardization of methods to support reproducibility, and enhancement of repository development by establishment of scalable high-throughput technologies. The following three broad recommendations were forwarded from workshop attendees:1: Establish a comprehensive, centralized unit ("hub") to programmatically develop training for and documentation of cryopreservation methods for aquatic model systems. This would include development of species specific protocols and approaches, outreach programs, community development and standardization, freezing services and training of the next generation of experts in aquatic cryopreservation.2: Provide mechanisms to support innovative technical advancements that will increase the reliability, reproducibility, simplicity, throughput, and efficiency of the cryopreservation process, including vitrification and pipelines for sperm, oocytes, eggs, embryos, larvae, stem cells, and somatic cells of all aquatic species. This recommendation encompasses basic cryopreservation knowledge and engineering technology, such as micro-fluidics and automated processing technologies.3: Implement mechanisms that allow the various aquatic model stock centers to increase their planning, personnel, ability to secure genetic resources and to promote interaction within an integrated, comprehensive repository network for aquatic model species repositories.