Training of Attentional Filtering, but Not of Memory Storage, Enhances Working Memory Efficiency by Strengthening the Neuronal Gatekeeper Network
Training of Attentional Filtering, but Not of Memory Storage, Enhances Working Memory Efficiency by Strengthening the Neuronal Gatekeeper Network
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn_a_00922
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
M. Schmicker;Melanie Schwefel;A. Vellage;N. Müller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Schmicker;Melanie Schwefel;A. Vellage;N. Müller
对有记忆缺陷的老年人进行记忆训练 (MT) 常常会导致沮丧，因此通常不建议这样做。在这里，我们寻求一种替代方法，并寻找为期 1 周的注意力过滤训练 (FT) 对年轻健康人的工作记忆表现及其神经元相关性的转移效应。 FT 效果与纯 MT 进行了比较，纯 MT 不需要过滤掉不相关的信息。在训练之前和之后，所有参与者都进行了功能磁共振成像实验，其中包括一项组合任务，其中刺激必须根据颜色进行过滤并存储在内存中。我们发现训练通过偏向过滤或存储来引起处理变化。与 MT 相比，FT 对未经训练的认知功能产生了更大的转移效应。 FT 增加了神经元看门人网络额叶部分的神经元活动，这被认为可以阻止无关信息不必要地存储在记忆中。 MT 降低了守门网络 BG 部分的神经元活动，但增强了顶叶存储节点的活动。我们将这些发现作为证据，证明 FT 通过加强 BG——前额叶看门人网络来提高工作记忆的效率。另一方面，机器翻译只是刺激任何类型信息的存储。这些发现说明了工作记忆和注意力之间的紧密联系，它们可能为改善认知障碍患者的记忆缺陷开辟新途径。
Memory training (MT) in older adults with memory deficits often leads to frustration and, therefore, is usually not recommended. Here, we pursued an alternative approach and looked for transfer effects of 1-week attentional filter training (FT) on working memory performance and its neuronal correlates in young healthy humans. The FT effects were compared with pure MT, which lacked the necessity to filter out irrelevant information. Before and after training, all participants performed an fMRI experiment that included a combined task in which stimuli had to be both filtered based on color and stored in memory. We found that training induced processing changes by biasing either filtering or storage. FT induced larger transfer effects on the untrained cognitive function than MT. FT increased neuronal activity in frontal parts of the neuronal gatekeeper network, which is proposed to hinder irrelevant information from being unnecessarily stored in memory. MT decreased neuronal activity in the BG part of the gatekeeper network but enhanced activity in the parietal storage node. We take these findings as evidence that FT renders working memory more efficient by strengthening the BG–prefrontal gatekeeper network. MT, on the other hand, simply stimulates storage of any kind of information. These findings illustrate a tight connection between working memory and attention, and they may open up new avenues for ameliorating memory deficits in patients with cognitive impairments.