CYTOARCHITECTONIC DEFINITION OF PREFRONTAL AREAS IN THE NORMAL HUMAN CORTEX .1. REMAPPING OF AREAS 9 AND 46 USING QUANTITATIVE CRITERIA
CYTOARCHITECTONIC DEFINITION OF PREFRONTAL AREAS IN THE NORMAL HUMAN CORTEX .1. REMAPPING OF AREAS 9 AND 46 USING QUANTITATIVE CRITERIA
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/5.4.307
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发表时间：
1995-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
GOLDMANRAKIC, PS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
RAJKOWSKA, G;GOLDMANRAKIC, PS
本世纪初由不同的制图家绘制的人类前额叶区域的经典细胞构筑图，虽然在总体地貌上相似，但在描述额角内特定区域的大小、形状和精确位置方面有所不同。目前人类神经生物学的进展促使我们重新研究人类前额叶皮质的细胞结构，从第9区和第46区开始，建立一套客观的细胞学标准来识别这些区域。Nissl染色和Galyas染色的火棉胶包埋切片分别取自17例年龄在23-73岁、无神经系统疾病病史的受试者左侧大脑半球。在8个病例中，光学显微镜观察得到了形态测量数据的补充，这些数据是在配备了差分干涉对比光学系统的研究显微镜上收集的，并与带有视频混合设备和微型计算机的电视监视器接口。我们用Williams和Rakic(1988年)的三维计数方法测量了(1)皮质总厚度和相对板层厚度，(2)单个皮质层每0.001 mm的神经元堆积密度(3)，以及(3)选定皮质层的神经元体细胞大小。光镜分析证实，46区皮质层比9区分化更明显，尤其是在IV层的边界。III和V层在第9区显示更清晰的亚层，而IV层在46区也比第9区略宽(9.3%对6.4%)；两个区域的皮质总厚度是相同的。细胞学分析显示，46区的IV层神经元密度高于9区(55.38+/-7.26vs45.80+/-4.45个神经元/0.001 mm(3))，颗粒上II和III层的神经元密度(53.51+/-6.33vs45.69+/-3.81个/0.001 mm(3))。此外，46区的神经元比9区的神经元大小更均匀。髓构筑的差异也很明显：每个区都含有大量染色良好的放射状条纹和两条明显的水平纤维带，但总的来说，46区的髓鞘比9区少。目的用细胞学方法可以清楚地区分人类前额叶内的两个相邻区域。这些发现可能会被证明对人类大脑皮层的区域划分有用，并为分析精神分裂症、亨廷顿病或阿尔茨海默病等神经和精神疾病的病理变化提供了基线。
The classical cytoarchitectonic maps of human prefrontal areas produced by various cartographers in the early part of this century, though similar in gross topography, differ from one another in their descriptions of the size, shape, and precise location of specific regions within the frontal promontory. The current advances in human neurobiology stimulated us to reinvestigate the cytoarchitecture of the human prefrontal cortex, beginning with areas 9 and 46 to establish a set of objective cytometric criteria for identification of these areas. Nissl-stained and Gallyas-stained celloidin-embedded sections were prepared from the left hemispheres of 17 human subjects 23-73 years old, without history of neurological disease. In eight cases, light microscopic observations were supplemented by morphometric data collected on a research microscope equipped with differential interference contrast optics and interfaced to a TV monitor with video mixing equipment and a microcomputer. We used the three-dimensional counting method of Williams and Rakic (1988) to measure (1) total cortical and relative laminar thickness, (2) neuronal packing density per 0.001 mm(3) in individual cortical layers, and (3) sizes of neuronal somata in selected cortical layers.Light microscopic analysis confirmed that the cortical layers are more differentiated in area 46 than in area 9, particularly at the borders of layer IV. Layers III and V exhibit clearer sublamination in area 9, while layer IV is also somewhat wider in area 46 than in area 9 (9.3% vs 6.4% of cortical thickness); the overall thickness of the cortex is the same in both areas. Cytometric analysis revealed that layer IV neurons of area 46 are more densely packed than those in area 9 (55.38 +/- 7.26 vs 45.80 +/- 4.45 neurons/0.001 mm(3)), as are neurons in the supragranular layers II and III combined (53.51 +/- 6.33 vs 45.69 +/- 3.81 neurons/0.001 mm(3)). Finally, neurons in area 46 are more homogeneous in size than those in area 9. Differences in myeloarchitecture are also evident: each area contains numerous, well-stained radial striae and two pronounced bands of horizontal fibers, but in general, area 46 is less myelinated than area 9.Objective cytometric methods can clearly distinguish two adjacent areas within the human prefrontal lobe. These findings may prove useful in the areal parcellation of the human cerebral cortex as well as provide a baseline for analysis of pathological changes in neurological and psychiatric disorders such as a schizophrenia, Huntington's or Alzheimer's diseases.