An SPNS1-dependent lysosomal lipid transport pathway that enables cell survival under choline limitation.

An SPNS1-dependent lysosomal lipid transport pathway that enables cell survival under choline limitation.
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DOI:
10.1126/sciadv.adf8966
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发表时间:
2023-04-21
期刊:
影响因子:
13.6
通讯作者:
Abu-Remaileh, Monther
Abu-Remaileh, Monther
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Scharenberg, Samantha G.;Dong, Wentao;Ghoochani, Ali;Nyame, Kwamina;Levin-Konigsberg, Roni;Krishnan, Aswini R.;Rawat, Eshaan S.;Spees, Kaitlyn;Bassik, Michael C.;Abu-Remaileh, Monther

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溶酶体降解大分子并回收其营养成分以支持细胞功能和存活。然而,参与许多营养素的溶酶体再循环的机制仍有待发现,一个值得注意的例子是胆碱,一种通过脂质降解释放的必需代谢物。在这里,我们设计了胰腺癌细胞中对溶酶体衍生胆碱的代谢依赖性,以进行以内溶酶体为中心的CRISPR-Cas9筛选,以寻找介导溶酶体胆碱再循环的基因。我们确定了孤儿溶酶体跨膜蛋白SPNS 1作为胆碱限制下细胞存活的关键。SPNS 1丢失导致溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LPC)和溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺(LPE)的溶酶体内积累。从机制上讲,我们发现SPNS 1是一个质子梯度依赖性转运蛋白的LPC物种从溶酶体的再酯化成磷脂酰胆碱在胞质溶胶。最后,我们建立了LPC流出SPNS 1是所需的胆碱限制下的细胞存活。总的来说,我们的工作定义了一个溶酶体磷脂补救途径,在营养限制下是必不可少的,更广泛地说,提供了一个强大的平台去孤儿溶酶体基因功能。在营养缺乏期间,依赖于SPNS 1介导的溶血磷脂转运的脂质补救的溶酶体途径至关重要。
Lysosomes degrade macromolecules and recycle their nutrient content to support cell function and survival. However, the machineries involved in lysosomal recycling of many nutrients remain to be discovered, with a notable example being choline, an essential metabolite liberated via lipid degradation. Here, we engineered metabolic dependency on lysosome-derived choline in pancreatic cancer cells to perform an endolysosome-focused CRISPR-Cas9 screen for genes mediating lysosomal choline recycling. We identified the orphan lysosomal transmembrane protein SPNS1 as critical for cell survival under choline limitation. SPNS1 loss leads to intralysosomal accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE). Mechanistically, we reveal that SPNS1 is a proton gradient–dependent transporter of LPC species from the lysosome for their re-esterification into phosphatidylcholine in the cytosol. Last, we establish that LPC efflux by SPNS1 is required for cell survival under choline limitation. Collectively, our work defines a lysosomal phospholipid salvage pathway that is essential under nutrient limitation and, more broadly, provides a robust platform to deorphan lysosomal gene function. A lysosomal pathway for lipid salvage that relies on SPNS1-mediated lysophospholipid transport is vital during nutrient scarcity.
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