Coupled changes in pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen impact the physiology and ecology of herbivorous kelp forest grazers
Coupled changes in pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen impact the physiology and ecology of herbivorous kelp forest grazers
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.16125
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发表时间：
2022-02-20
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Kroeker, Kristy J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donham, Emily M.;Strope, Lauren T.;Kroeker, Kristy J.
了解物种对上升流的反应在持续的环境变化中可能特别重要。上升流的频率和强度预计将在未来增加，而海洋酸化和脱氧预计将降低上升沃茨的pH值和溶解氧（DO）。然而，对单一上升流事件的急性影响和多个上升流事件对海洋生物的综合影响知之甚少。在这里，我们使用原位测量的pH值，温度和溶解氧的上升为主的海带森林生态系统内的环境条件的协方差的特征。然后，我们测试的影响急性（0-3天）和慢性（1-3个月）上升流的表现上的两种海藻森林食草动物，棘皮动物，中棘皮动物franciscanus，和腹足动物，Promartynia pulligo。我们将生物体暴露在回归设计的静态条件下，以确定上升流和性能之间的关系的形状，并提供在可变环境中的潜在影响的见解。我们发现，呼吸，放牧，生长和净钙化线性下降上升流强度的增加M。francicanus在急性和慢性时间尺度。Promartynia pulligo表现出呼吸减少，放牧，净钙化与上升流强度增加慢性暴露后，但我们没有检测到急性时间尺度或慢性暴露后的增长的影响。考虑到加州海流中pH、温度和DO的高度相关性，我们的结果表明，在3个月的试验中，上升流强度和生长之间的关系可能用于估计M.弗朗西斯卡努斯。总之，这些结果表明，目前暴露于上升流可能会降低物种的性能和预测未来上升流的频率和强度的增加可能会影响生态系统功能，通过修改关键物种的生态作用。
Understanding species' responses to upwelling may be especially important in light of ongoing environmental change. Upwelling frequency and intensity are expected to increase in the future, while ocean acidification and deoxygenation are expected to decrease the pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) of upwelled waters. However, the acute effects of a single upwelling event and the integrated effects of multiple upwelling events on marine organisms are poorly understood. Here, we use in situ measurements of pH, temperature, and DO to characterize the covariance of environmental conditions within upwelling-dominated kelp forest ecosystems. We then test the effects of acute (0-3 days) and chronic (1-3 months) upwelling on the performance of two species of kelp forest grazers, the echinoderm, Mesocentrotus franciscanus, and the gastropod, Promartynia pulligo. We exposed organisms to static conditions in a regression design to determine the shape of the relationship between upwelling and performance and provide insights into the potential effects in a variable environment. We found that respiration, grazing, growth, and net calcification decline linearly with increasing upwelling intensity for M. francicanus over both acute and chronic timescales. Promartynia pulligo exhibited decreased respiration, grazing, and net calcification with increased upwelling intensity after chronic exposure, but we did not detect an effect over acute timescales or on growth after chronic exposure. Given the highly correlated nature of pH, temperature, and DO in the California Current, our results suggest the relationship between upwelling intensity and growth in the 3-month trial could potentially be used to estimate growth integrated over long-term dynamic oceanographic conditions for M. franciscanus. Together, these results indicate current exposure to upwelling may reduce species performance and predicted future increases in upwelling frequency and intensity could affect ecosystem function by modifying the ecological roles of key species.