Perceptual Learning at a Conceptual Level
Perceptual Learning at a Conceptual Level
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概念层面的感知学习
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2732-15.2016
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发表时间：
2016-02-17
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Li，Wu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang，Rui;Wang，Jie;Li，Wu
人类可以学习抽象和概念化共享的视觉特征，定义对象学习中的对象类别。因此，学习可以推广到熟悉物体的变换，甚至推广到其他物理性质不同的新物体。相比之下，视知觉学习（VPL），通过训练辨别基本视觉特征的细微差异的改善，通常被认为是特定的和低水平的学习，因为当训练的刺激在视野中简单地重新定位或旋转时，这种改善往往消失。这种位置和方向特异性被认为是初级视觉皮层（V1）神经可塑性或V1信号读出改善的证据。然而，新的训练方法已经显示出完整的VPL跨刺激位置和方向的转移，这表明高级认知过程的参与。在这里，我们报告说，VPL具有类似的对象学习的属性。具体来说，我们发现，方向辨别学习是完全transferable亮度光栅最初编码在V1和双边对称的点图案编码在更高的视觉皮层之间。类似地，运动方向辨别学习在一阶和二阶运动信号之间是可转移的。这些结果表明，VPL可以发生在一个概念水平，并推广到不同的物理性质的刺激。因此，我们的研究结果调和知觉和对象学习到一个统一的框架。物体识别的训练可以产生一种学习效果，适用于新的观看条件，甚至适用于具有不同物理特性的新物体。然而，由于知觉学习对训练刺激条件的特异性，长期以来一直被认为是一种低级的学习形式。在这里，我们用新的训练策略证明了视觉感知学习在不同的物理刺激之间是完全可转移的。这一发现表明，知觉学习也在概念层面上的刺激不变的方式。
Humans can learn to abstract and conceptualize the shared visual features defining an object category in object learning. Therefore, learning is generalizable to transformations of familiar objects and even to new objects that differ in other physical properties. In contrast, visual perceptual learning (VPL), improvement in discriminating fine differences of a basic visual feature through training, is commonly regarded as specific and low-level learning because the improvement often disappears when the trained stimulus is simply relocated or rotated in the visual field. Such location and orientation specificity is taken as evidence for neural plasticity in primary visual cortex (V1) or improved readout of V1 signals. However, new training methods have shown complete VPL transfer across stimulus locations and orientations, suggesting the involvement of high-level cognitive processes. Here we report that VPL bears similar properties of object learning. Specifically, we found that orientation discrimination learning is completely transferrable between luminance gratings initially encoded in V1 and bilaterally symmetric dot patterns encoded in higher visual cortex. Similarly, motion direction discrimination learning is transferable between first- and second-order motion signals. These results suggest that VPL can take place at a conceptual level and generalize to stimuli with different physical properties. Our findings thus reconcile perceptual and object learning into a unified framework. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Training in object recognition can produce a learning effect that is applicable to new viewing conditions or even to new objects with different physical properties. However, perceptual learning has long been regarded as a low-level form of learning because of its specificity to the trained stimulus conditions. Here we demonstrate with new training tactics that visual perceptual learning is completely transferrable between distinct physical stimuli. This finding indicates that perceptual learning also operates at a conceptual level in a stimulus-invariant manner.