AN OUTLINE OF RECENT STUDIES ON THE NIGERIAN NOK CULTURE
AN OUTLINE OF RECENT STUDIES ON THE NIGERIAN NOK CULTURE
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DOI：
10.3213/2191-5784-10298
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Rupp, Nicole
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Breunig, Peter;Rupp, Nicole
直到最近，尼日利亚的诺克文化主要以其兵马俑和铁冶金的存在而闻名，为撒哈拉以南非洲的艺术雕刻和铁加工提供了一些最早的证据。2005年恢复了对诺克文化现象的研究，采用了一种整体的方法，其中雕塑和铁冶金仍然是核心，但也涵盖了其他考古方面，包括年代学、聚落模式、经济和环境，作为主要研究主题。在这项工作开始时，诺克文化时期社会复杂性的发展构成了一个焦点。然而，经过近十年的研究和大量的新数据，最初的假设已经不再成立。近年来讨论的不是不平等的标志、等级制度、定居点系统的核心、社区和公共纪念碑或非洲复杂性的替代版本等社会复杂性的属性，而是显而易见的是，无论遵循哪个概念，诺克文化都只在仪式方面发展出复杂性。为理论背景的转换提供了相关信息和论据。
Until recently the Nigerian Nok Culture had primarily been known for its terracotta sculptures and the existence of iron metallurgy, providing some of the earliest evidence for artistic sculpting and iron working in sub-Saharan Africa. Research was resumed in 2005 to understand the Nok Culture phenomenon, employing a holistic approach in which the sculptures and iron metallurgy remain central, but which likewise covers other archaeological aspects including chronology, settlement patterns, economy, and the environment as key research themes. In the beginning of this endeavour the development of social complexity during the duration of the Nok Culture constituted a focal point. However, after nearly ten years of research and an abundance of new data the initial hypothesis can no longer be maintained. Rather than attributes of social complexity like signs of inequality, hierarchy, nucleation of settlement systems, communal and public monuments, or alternative African versions of complexity discussed in recent years, it has become apparent that the Nok Culture, no matter which concept is followed, developed complexity only in terms of ritual. Relevant information and arguments for the transition of the theoretical background are provided here.