Materials under high pressure: a chemical perspective
Materials under high pressure: a chemical perspective
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DOI：
10.1007/s00339-022-05576-z
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发表时间：
2022-05-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Zurek, Eva
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hilleke, Katerina P.;Bi, Tiange;Zurek, Eva
在高压下，元素周期表规定的元素的典型行为——包括氧化值、化合物的化学计量和反应性，等等——发生了巨大的变化。当施加压力时，原子轨道的能量顺序发生变化，使核心轨道变得化学活性，非典型电子构型发生，并且在某些情况下，在固体结构的间隙中形成非原子中心轨道。奇怪的化学计量、结构和键基元的结果。晶体结构预测工具不受在大气压下学习的结构化学的先入为主的观念的影响，已经成功地应用于探索高压下的相图，识别不同化学体系中的新结构。其中一些相后来被合成出来。在实验上，由于金刚石砧细胞和动态压缩技术的进步，高压环境得到了加强。实验和理论的共同努力已经在高温超导领域取得了惊人的成功，发现了许多新的相——其中一些已经被合成——它们的超导转变接近室温。
At high pressure, the typical behavior of elements dictated by the periodic table-including oxidation numbers, stoichiometries in compounds, and reactivity, to name but a few-is altered dramatically. As pressure is applied, the energetic ordering of atomic orbitals shifts, allowing core orbitals to become chemically active, atypical electron configurations to occur, and in some cases, non-atom-centered orbitals to form in the interstices of solid structures. Strange stoichiometries, structures, and bonding motifs result. Crystal structure prediction tools, not burdened by preconceived notions about structural chemistry learned at atmospheric pressure, have been applied to great success to explore phase diagrams at high pressure, identifying novel structures in diverse chemical systems. Several of these phases have been subsequently synthesized. Experimentally, access to high-pressure regimes has been bolstered by advances in diamond anvil cell and dynamic compression techniques. The joint efforts of experiment and theory have led to startling successes stories in the realm of high-temperature superconductivity, identifying many novel phases-some of which have been synthesized-whose superconducting transition approaches room temperature.