Semantics of case
Semantics of case
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案例语义
DOI：
10.1007/s11525-010-9176-z
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Scott Grimm
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文献类型：
--
作者：
Scott Grimm
本文提出了一个框架，连接的情况下分配和语义的论点实现。代理和情感的广义概念被分解为更细粒度的语义属性，松散地基于Dowty的原型角色理论，但从剥夺性对立的角度来构思，并组织成一个网格。该网格提供了参与者属性的语义空间，并支持定义参与者类型之间的层次关系，解释为语义突出，以及拓扑关系，如“紧密度”，解释为参与者类型之间的语义相似性。案例被定义为该空间的连接区域，将给定的案例与语义属性的结构化集合相关联。格系统被表示为一个语义系统，它体现了对立和对比，并在论元实现的一般语义的背景下运作，其中可以定义最大施事和最大受事等概念，并表示来自及物性研究的概括。核心格标记（例如作格、代格）被表示为从格的最大代理节点和最大患者节点向外扩展的格的子空间。格替换出现在由谓词的论元蕴涵限定的格的子空间被不同的格划分时，例如俄语中的属格/格替换发生在某些内涵谓词的直接宾语上。这种方法还提供了一个治疗的情况下，即一个单一的情况下，包含多个用途，通过在格上的情况下的区域的更抽象的语义层次上的各种用途，与与格的非规范使用证明。
This paper presents a framework which connects case assignment with the semantics of argument realization. Broad notions of agency and affectedness are decomposed into more fine-grained semantic properties, loosely based on Dowty’s Proto-Role theory, but conceived in terms of privative opposition and organized into a lattice. This lattice provides a semantic space of participant properties and supports defining hierarchical relations among participant types, interpreted as semantic prominence, as well as topological relations such as ‘closeness’, interpreted as semantic similarity between participant types. Cases are defined as connected regions of this space, relating a given case to a structured set of semantic properties. A case system is represented as a semantic system, which embodies oppositions and contrasts, and operates against the backdrop of the general semantics of argument realization, where one can define notions such as maximal agents and maximal patients and represent generalizations from the research on transitivity. Core case markers (e.g. ergative, accusative) are represented as subspaces of the lattice spreading outwards from the maximal agent and maximal patient nodes of the lattice. Case alternations arise when the subspace of the lattice delimited by a predicate’s entailments for an argument is partitioned by different cases, exemplified with the genitive/accusative alternation in Russian occurring with direct objects of certain intensional predicates. This method also provides a treatment of case polysemy, viz. a single case subsuming multiple uses, by relating the diverse uses at the more abstract semantic level of the case’s region on the lattice, demonstrated with non-canonical uses of the dative.