Effects of partial mineral nitrogen substitution by organic fertilizer nitrogen on the yields of rice grains and their proper substitution rate.
Effects of partial mineral nitrogen substitution by organic fertilizer nitrogen on the yields of rice grains and their proper substitution rate.
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
Meng Lin;Zhang Xiaoli;J. Xiaofang;Wang Qiujun;H. Qiwei;Xu Yangchun;Yang Xingming;S. Qirong
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作者：
Meng Lin;Zhang Xiaoli;J. Xiaofang;Wang Qiujun;H. Qiwei;Xu Yangchun;Yang Xingming;S. Qirong
【目的】通过田间试验研究有机肥氮替代部分无机肥氮的最佳配比，为水稻有机无机复混肥的商业化开发提供依据。[方法]在江苏省常熟市进行了不同替代率和四种氮肥用量的田间试验。[结果] 4007和10048 ~ 11654 kg·hm-2的产量分别为8242 ~ 10187 kg·hm-2和10048 ~ 11654 kg·hm-2（长优1号）施氮180 kg·hm-2，有机肥占全氮15%~ 30%，或施氮240 kg·hm-2，有机肥占全氮10%~ 20%，与无机氮肥处理相比，相当于施用普通堆肥肥1 500-3 000 kg. hm-2。与无机氮肥处理相比，一定量的有机肥与无机肥配施能更稳定地维持氮素供应。当施氮量为180 kg·hm-2，有机肥占全氮量的15%~ 30%时，4007和长优1号的氮积累量分别为172.6-256.4 kg·hm-2和185.9-235.6 kg·hm-2。氮素利用率以4007和长优1号最高，分别为36.6%~ 48.1%和34.3%~ 40.0%。[结论]与单施无机氮肥相比，无机氮肥与有机氮肥混施对水稻籽粒产量有较好或相当的增产效果，且氮肥利用率显著提高。在水稻施肥量为180 kg·hm-2和240 kg·hm-2时，有机肥氮替代无机肥氮的最佳比例分别为15%~ 30%和10%~ 20%。
【Objective】Field experiments were carried out to study the optimum substitution of partial mineral-fertilizer- nitrogen (N) by organic-fertilizer-N and to provide a base for the commercial development of mixed organic and mineral fertilizers for rice. 【Method】 Field experiments were done in Changshu city, Jiangsu province under different substitution rates and four N fertilizer rates. 【Result】 Grain yields of 8 242-10 187 kg·hm-2 (4007) and 10 048-11 654 kg·hm-2(Changyou 1) were obtained when 180 kg N·hm-2 was applied with a percentage of organic-fertilizer-N in total N being 15%-30% or 240 kg N·hm-2 with a percentage of organic-fertilizer-N in total N being 10%-20%, which corresponds to application of 1 500-3 000 kg·hm-2 of common compost fertilizer, compared with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Compared with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer treatment, a more steady supply of nitrogen could be maintained when certain amounts of organic-fertilizer-N were applied together with inorganic-fertilizer-N. Nitrogen accumulation in 4007 and Changyou 1 were 172.6-256.4 kg·hm-2 and 185.9-235.6 kg·hm-2, respectively, when 180 kg N·hm-2 was applied with a percentage of organic-fertilizer-N in total N being 15%-30% or 240 kg N·hm-2with a percentage of organic-fertilizer-N in total N being 10%-20%. In these treatments, the highest nitrogen use efficiency was obtained in 4007 (36.6%-48.1%) and Changyou 1 (34.3%-40.0%). 【Conclusion】 Application of mixed mineral-fertilizer-N and organic-fertilizers-N had a better or the same effects on the yields of rice grains and N use efficiency could be significantly increased compared with the single application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer. The best substitution of mineral fertilizer N by organic fertilizer N were 15%-30% or 10%-20% when 180 kg N·hm-2 or 240 kg N·hm-2 was applied in terms of rice fertilization.