Load Margin Constrained Moving Target Defense against False Data Injection Attacks
Load Margin Constrained Moving Target Defense against False Data Injection Attacks
复制标题
负载裕度约束移动目标防御虚假数据注入攻击
DOI：
10.1109/greentech52845.2022.9772024
复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wu, Hongyu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhang, Hang;Fulk, Noah;Liu, Bo;Edmonds, Lawryn;Liu, Xuebo;Wu, Hongyu
可再生能源发电高渗透电力系统的网络物理安全问题已引起研究者的关注。一个关键问题是，伪装成不确定的可再生能源发电的网络物理攻击可以针对传统的电力系统状态估计（SE）。移动目标防御（MTD）是一种很有前途的防御策略，用于检测针对SE的隐形虚假数据注入（FDI）攻击。然而，所有现有的研究近视扰动输电线路的电抗配备分布式柔性交流输电系统（D-FACTS）设备，没有充分考虑系统电压稳定性。由于可再生能源发电的不确定性，现有的MTD可能会在电网处于压力下时导致电压不稳定。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种新型的MTD框架，该框架通过使用连续潮流来显式考虑系统电压稳定性。利用功率注入对线路阻抗的灵敏度矩阵，建立了最大化负荷裕度的优化问题。该框架在IEEE 14节点系统和IEEE 118节点系统上进行了验证，其中网络负载重新分配攻击是由复杂的攻击者发起的。PSS/E的稳态仿真和动态仿真表明，该框架在规避电压失稳的同时保持了MTD的检测有效性。该方法对攻击检测效果的影响也被揭示出来。
Cyber physical security of power systems with high penetration of renewable generation has attracted attention from researchers. One critical issue is that cyber-physical attacks, disguised as uncertain renewable generation, can target conventional power system state estimation (SE). Moving target defense (MTD) is a promising defense strategy to detect stealthy false data injection (FDI) attacks against SE. However, all existing studies myopically perturb the reactance of transmission lines equipped with distributed flexible AC transmission system (D-FACTS) devices without adequately considering the system voltage stability. Exacerbated by the renewable generation uncertainty, existing MTD may cause voltage instability when the power grid is under stress. To address this issue, we propose a novel MTD framework that explicitly considers system voltage stability by using continuation power flow. We utilize the sensitivity matrix of power injection to line impedance, on which an optimization problem for maximizing load margin is formulated. This framework is validated on the IEEE 14-bus system and the IEEE 118-bus system, in which net load redistribution attacks are launched by sophisticated attackers. Steady-state simulations and dynamic simulations on PSS/E show the effectiveness of the proposed framework in circumventing the voltage instability while maintaining the detection effectiveness of MTD. The impact of the proposed method on attack detection effectiveness is also revealed.