Earliest evidence for the use of pottery
Earliest evidence for the use of pottery
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DOI：
10.1038/nature12109
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发表时间：
2013-04-18
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Jordan, P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Craig, O. E.;Saul, H.;Jordan, P.
陶器是狩猎采集者的一项创新，最早出现在东亚，距今20，000至1,2，000年（cal BP），接近晚更新世末期，这段时间人类正在适应不断变化的气候和新环境。陶瓷容器技术是一系列晚冰期适应技术之一，这些技术对构建世界不同地区随后的文化轨迹至关重要，但人们对其出现和广泛采用的原因知之甚少。第一批陶瓷容器一定为史前狩猎采集者提供了处理和消费食物的诱人新策略，但实际上对早期锅是如何使用的一无所知。在这里，我们报告了与晚更新世陶器相关的食物残留物的化学分析，重点是世界上研究得最好的史前陶瓷序列之一，日本绳纹。我们证明，脂质可以可靠地恢复从烧焦的表面沉积物粘附到陶器的日期约为15,000至11,800卡BP（初绳文时期），迄今为止最古老的陶器调查，在大多数情况下，这些有机化合物是明确来自加工淡水和海洋生物。稳定同位素数据支持脂质的证据，并表明，大多数的101烧焦的存款分析，从日本的主要岛屿，来自高营养级的水生食物。生产性水生生态交错区被冰川晚期的觅食者大量利用（3），这可能为陶瓷容器技术的投资提供了最初的动力，并为全新世早期狩猎采集者进一步强化陶器的使用铺平了道路。既然我们已经证明，分析世界上最早的一些陶瓷器皿中的有机残留物是可能的，那么这一关键技术的后续发展可以通过对后期狩猎采集陶器的进一步广泛测试来澄清。
Pottery was a hunter-gatherer innovation that first emerged in East Asia between 20,000 and 12,000 calibrated years before present(1,2) (cal BP), towards the end of the Late Pleistocene epoch, a period of time when humans were adjusting to changing climates and new environments. Ceramic container technologies were one of a range of late glacial adaptations that were pivotal to structuring subsequent cultural trajectories in different regions of the world, but the reasons for their emergence and widespread uptake are poorly understood. The first ceramic containers must have provided prehistoric hunter-gatherers with attractive new strategies for processing and consuming foodstuffs, but virtually nothing is known of how early pots were used. Here we report the chemical analysis of food residues associated with Late Pleistocene pottery, focusing on one of the best-studied prehistoric ceramic sequences in the world, the Japanese Jomon. We demonstrate that lipids can be recovered reliably from charred surface deposits adhering to pottery dating from about 15,000 to 11,800 cal BP (the Incipient Jomon period), the oldest pottery so far investigated, and that in most cases these organic compounds are unequivocally derived from processing freshwater and marine organisms. Stable isotope data support the lipid evidence and suggest that most of the 101 charred deposits analysed, from across the major islands of Japan, were derived from high-trophic-level aquatic food. Productive aquatic ecotones were heavily exploited by late glacial foragers(3), perhaps providing an initial impetus for investment in ceramic container technology, and paving the way for further intensification of pottery use by hunter-gatherers in the early Holocene epoch. Now that we have shown that it is possible to analyse organic residues from some of the world's earliest ceramic vessels, the subsequent development of this critical technology can be clarified through further widespread testing of hunter-gatherer pottery from later periods.