Occurrence of glucocorticoids discharged from a sewage treatment plant in Japan and the effects of clobetasol propionate exposure on the immune responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to bacterial infection
Occurrence of glucocorticoids discharged from a sewage treatment plant in Japan and the effects of clobetasol propionate exposure on the immune responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to bacterial infection
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DOI：
10.1002/etc.3136
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
K. Nakayama;Kentaro Sato;Takazumi Shibano;T. Isobe;G. Suzuki;S. Kitamura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Nakayama;Kentaro Sato;Takazumi Shibano;T. Isobe;G. Suzuki;S. Kitamura
本研究评价了污水处理厂（STP）出水中糖皮质激素对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）的环境风险。为了收集糖皮质激素浓度季节性变化的信息，作者每隔一周对日本STP的流出物进行采样，持续12个月。在流出物中检测到9种选定糖皮质激素中的6种，丙酸氯倍他索和17-戊酸倍他索的检测浓度和频率最高。本研究的结果表明，出水糖皮质激素浓度可能取决于水温，这是密切相关的STP的去除效率或公众使用的糖皮质激素的季节性变化。在一个单独的实验中，为了澄清环境水中的糖皮质激素是否会增加鱼类对细菌感染的易感性，作者检查了暴露于丙酸氯倍他索的鲤鱼对细菌感染（Veronii气单胞菌）的反应。丙酸氯倍他索暴露不影响细菌感染相关死亡率。感染A.但未暴露于丙酸氯倍他索的感染鱼的头肾重量和头肾中的白细胞数量显著增加（p < 0.05），而暴露于氯倍他索的感染鱼未观察到这些作用。这表明丙酸氯倍他索减轻了细菌感染相关的炎症。总之，这些结果表明，在普通鲤鱼细菌感染的易感性不受环境相关浓度的糖皮质激素暴露。环境毒理化学2016;35：946-952。© 2015 SETAC
The present study evaluated the environmental risks to common carp (Cyprinus carpio) posed by glucocorticoids present in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent. To gather information on the seasonal variations in glucocorticoid concentration, the authors sampled the effluent of a Japanese STP every other week for 12 mo. Six of 9 selected glucocorticoids were detected in the effluent, with clobetasol propionate and betamethasone 17‐valerate detected at the highest concentrations and frequencies. The present study's results indicated that effluent glucocorticoid concentration may depend on water temperature, which is closely related to the removal efficiency of the STP or to seasonal variations in the public's use of glucocorticoids. In a separate experiment, to clarify whether glucocorticoids in environmental water increase susceptibility to bacterial infection in fish, the authors examined the responses to bacterial infection (Aeromonas veronii) of common carp exposed to clobetasol propionate. Clobetasol propionate exposure did not affect bacterial infection‐associated mortality. In fish infected with A. veronii but not exposed to clobetasol propionate, head kidney weight and number of leukocytes in the head kidney were significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas these effects were not observed in infected fish exposed to clobetasol. This suggests that clobetasol propionate alleviated bacterial infection‐associated inflammation. Together, these results indicate that susceptibility to bacterial infection in common carp is not affected by exposure to glucocorticoids at environmentally relevant concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:946–952. © 2015 SETAC