Drosophila melanogaster Neuroblasts: A Model for Asymmetric Stem Cell Divisions
Drosophila melanogaster Neuroblasts: A Model for Asymmetric Stem Cell Divisions
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-53150-2_8
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Cabernard, Clemens
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文献类型：
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作者：
Gallaud, Emmanuel;Tri Pham;Cabernard, Clemens
不对称细胞分裂（ACD）是产生细胞多样性的基本机制，产生具有不同发育潜能的子细胞。ACD表现为蛋白质ormRNA的不对称分离，当两个子细胞大小不同或被赋予不同的分化成特定细胞类型的潜能时（Horvitz和Herskowitz，Cell 68：237-255，1992）。果蝇成神经细胞是发育中的果蝇脑的神经干细胞，是研究ACD的理想系统，因为该系统包含所有这些特征。成神经细胞是固有极化的细胞，利用极性线索定向有丝分裂纺锤体，不对称地分离细胞命运决定因素，并调节纺锤体几何形状和物理不对称性。神经母细胞系统对阐明ACD的基本分子机制做出了重要贡献。最近的研究结果也强调了它在研究干细胞生物学和肿瘤形成的基本方面的有用性。在这篇综述中，我们将集中在已经了解到的基本机制ACD在苍蝇神经母细胞。
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is a fundamental mechanism to generate cell diversity, giving rise to daughter cells with different developmental potentials. ACD ismanifested in the asymmetric segregation of proteins ormRNAs, when the two daughter cells differ in size or are endowed with different potentials to differentiate into a particular cell type (Horvitz and Herskowitz, Cell 68: 237-255, 1992). Drosophila neuroblasts, the neural stem cells of the developing fly brain, are an ideal system to study ACD since this system encompasses all of these characteristics. Neuroblasts are intrinsically polarized cells, utilizing polarity cues to orient the mitotic spindle, segregate cell fate determinants asymmetrically, and regulate spindle geometry and physical asymmetry. The neuroblast system has contributed significantly to the elucidation of the basic molecular mechanisms underlying ACD. Recent findings also highlight its usefulness to study basic aspects of stem cell biology and tumor formation. In this review, we will focus on what has been learned about the basic mechanisms underlying ACD in fly neuroblasts.