The active microbial diversity drives ecosystem multifunctionality and is physiologically related to carbon availability in Mediterranean semi-arid soils
The active microbial diversity drives ecosystem multifunctionality and is physiologically related to carbon availability in Mediterranean semi-arid soils
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.13783
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Jehmlich, Nico
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bastida, Felipe;Torres, Irene F.;Jehmlich, Nico
生物地球化学过程和生态系统功能主要由土壤微生物群落驱动。然而，大多数方法侧重于评估整个微生物群落，而未能区分其与土壤功能相关的活性部分。准确地说，微生物群落的活动受到干旱和半干旱气候下土壤中有机碳（C）的可用性的强烈限制。在这里，我们提供了一种互补的基因组和宏蛋白质组学方法来研究西班牙东南部溶解有机碳（DOC）梯度上整个群落的多样性、活性多样性和生态系统功能之间的关系。 DOC与土壤呼吸、酶活性（脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶）和微生物量（磷脂脂肪酸，PLFA）组成的生态系统多功能性指数相关。这项研究强调，活性多样性（由元蛋白质组学确定）而不是整个微生物群落的多样性（由扩增子基因测序评估）与有机碳的可用性相关，并且还与生态系统多功能性指数相关。我们揭示了 DOC 塑造了地中海半干旱土壤中细菌和真菌种群的活动，并决定了功能生态位的划分。例如，根瘤菌在高 DOC 位点上繁衍生息，这可能是由一碳化合物的代谢推动的。此外，对参与碳水化合物运输和代谢的蛋白质的分析表明，子囊菌门和担子菌门占据不同的营养生态位。生态位专业化的功能机制在整个 DOC 梯度中并不是恒定的。
Biogeochemical processes and ecosystemic functions are mostly driven by soil microbial communities. However, most methods focus on evaluating the total microbial community and fail to discriminate its active fraction which is linked to soil functionality. Precisely, the activity of the microbial community is strongly limited by the availability of organic carbon (C) in soils under arid and semi-arid climate. Here, we provide a complementary genomic and metaproteomic approach to investigate the relationships between the diversity of the total community, the active diversity and ecosystem functionality across a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) gradient in southeast Spain. DOC correlated with the ecosystem multifunctionality index composed by soil respiration, enzyme activities (urease, alkaline phosphatase and b-glucosidase) and microbial biomass (phospholipid fatty acids, PLFA). This study highlights that the active diversity (determined by metaprotoemics) but not the diversity of the whole microbial community (evaluated by amplicon gene sequencing) is related to the availability of organic C and it is also connected to the ecosystem multifunctionality index. We reveal that DOC shapes the activities of bacterial and fungal populations in Mediterranean semi-arid soils and determines the compartmentalization of functional niches. For instance, Rhizobales thrived at high-DOC sites probably fuelled by metabolism of one-C compounds. Moreover, the analysis of proteins involved in the transport and metabolism of carbohydrates revealed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota occupied different nutritional niches. The functional mechanisms for niche specialization were not constant across the DOC gradient.