Performance Analysis of Scalar DC–QIM for Zero-Bit Watermarking
Performance Analysis of Scalar DC–QIM for Zero-Bit Watermarking
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DOI：
10.1109/tifs.2007.897279
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发表时间：
2007-06
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Jean-Philippe Boyer;P. Duhamel;J. Blanc-Talon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jean-Philippe Boyer;P. Duhamel;J. Blanc-Talon
基于量化的方案，如标量失真补偿量化索引调制（DC-QIM），已经在数据隐藏中表现出一些性能优势，这主要是一个传输问题。然而，许多应用程序可以在水印检测问题（也称为零比特水印），这种情况很少在文献中的量化为基础的技术。在此背景下，我们进行了一个完整的性能分析抖动均匀量化器为基础的QIM与DC下加性白色高斯噪声。利用大偏差理论，根据受试者工作特性（ROC）和检测错误的总概率来评估性能。在白色高斯宿主信号假设下，将标量DC-QIM与现有的量化投影（QP）、扩频（SS）和改进的扩频（ISS）水印算法进行了比较，并给出了相关检测器的零比特水印性能。在比较的方法中，它表明，抖动标量DC-QIM是更相关的选择，以解决零比特水印，由于其主机独立的性能。一个简短的比较也提供了相对于相应的传输问题，从而评估由于检测的性能损失。我们的结论是测量使用比立方结构更复杂的晶格量化器可以提供的性能增益
Quantization-based schemes, such as scalar distortion compensated quantization index modulation (DC-QIM), have demonstrated some performance merits in data hiding, which is mainly a transmission problem. However, a number of applications can be stated in terms of the watermark detection problem (also named zero-bit watermarking), and this situation has been seldom addressed in the literature for quantization-based techniques. In this context, we carry out a complete performance analysis of dithered uniform quantizer-based QIM with DC under additive white Gaussian noise. Using large deviation theory, performance is evaluated according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the total probability of detection error. Under the white Gaussian host signal assumption, scalar DC-QIM is compared with other existing watermarking methods, including quantized projection (QP), spread spectrum (SS) and improved SS (ISS, for which zero-bit watermarking performances with correlation detector are also proposed). Among the compared methods, it is shown that dithered scalar DC-QIM is the more relevant choice to address zero-bit watermarking, due to its host independent performance. A short comparison is also provided with respect to the corresponding transmission problem, thus evaluating the loss in performance due to the detection. We conclude in measuring the performance gain that could be provided by the use of more sophisticated lattice quantizers than the cubic structure