A Scoping Review of the Role of Wildlife in the Transmission of Bacterial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance to the Food Chain
A Scoping Review of the Role of Wildlife in the Transmission of Bacterial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance to the Food Chain
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DOI：
10.1111/zph.12147
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
LeJeune, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greig, J.;Rajic, A.;LeJeune, J.
野生动物可能会导致细菌病原体污染环境，并将其转移到人类食物链中。全球使用和频繁滥用抗菌药物导致食源性病原体出现新的抗菌药物耐药（AMR）菌株。我们对已发表的研究进行了范围审查，以确定和描述野生动物在AMR和/或细菌病原体传播到食物链中的作用的证据。一个由来自不同学科的13名北美专家组成的咨询小组（AG）接受了调查，以征求对审查范围、优先主题和研究特点的见解。在7个书目数据库（1990年至2013年1月）中实施了预先测试的检索策略。引文进行相关性筛选，并由两名评审员独立提取优先主题的关键特征。分析确定了有确凿证据的专题领域和主要的知识差距。北美报告了866篇相关文章中的30%。在582篇文章中报告了野生动物中任何病原体中五种目标细菌病原体和/或AMR的流行情况。300例报告了选定细菌或任何细菌中AMR的传播风险因素。在124篇文章中讨论了控制传播的干预措施，并在50篇文章中进行了正式评估。大多数初步研究调查了鸟类、鹿科动物、啮齿动物、野猪、负鼠、大肠杆菌（n=329）、沙门氏菌（n=293）和弯曲杆菌（n=124）。122项研究支持野生动物与细菌病原体和/或AMR向食物链传播之间的关联。范围审查确定了关于野鸟在大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌流行和传播中作用的大量研究。很少有研究采用分子方法有助于证据的重要性和方向的野生动物/病原体组合的传播。鉴于这些方法的进步，未来的研究应该集中在这一领域，以帮助优先考虑未来的干预研究和风险缓解策略。
Wildlife can contribute to environmental contamination with bacterial pathogens and their transfer to the human food chain. Global usage and frequent misuse of antimicrobials contribute to emergence of new antimicrobial resistant (AMR) strains of foodborne pathogens. We conducted a scoping review of published research to identify and characterize the evidence on wildlife's role in transmission of AMR and/or bacterial pathogens to the food chain. An advisory group (AG) of 13 North American experts from diverse disciplines was surveyed to solicit insight in the review scope, priority topics and research characteristics. A pre-tested search strategy was implemented in seven bibliographic databases (1990 to January 2013). Citations were relevance screened, and key characteristics on priority topics extracted independently by two reviewers. Analysis identified topic areas with solid evidence and main knowledge gaps. North America reported 30% of 866 relevant articles. The prevalence of five targeted bacterial pathogens and/or AMR in any pathogen in wildlife was reported in 582 articles. Transmission risk factors for selected bacteria or AMR in any bacteria were reported in 300. Interventions to control transmission were discussed in 124 articles and formally evaluated in 50. The majority of primary research investigated birds, cervids, rodents, feral pigs, opossums, E.coli (n=329), Salmonella (n=293) and Campylobacter (n=124). An association between wildlife and transmission of bacterial pathogens and/or AMR to the food chain was supported in 122 studies. The scoping review identified a significant body of research on the role of wild birds in the prevalence and transmission of E.coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter. There was little research employing molecular methods contributing to the evidence concerning the importance and direction of transmission of wildlife/pathogen combinations. Given the advancements of these methods, future research should focus in this area to help prioritize future intervention studies and risk mitigation strategies.