Associations between early efficiency in language processing and language and cognitive outcomes in children born full term and preterm: similarities and differences.
Associations between early efficiency in language processing and language and cognitive outcomes in children born full term and preterm: similarities and differences.
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足月和早产儿的早期语言处理效率与语言和认知结果之间的关联：相似点和差异。
DOI：
10.1080/09297049.2022.2138304
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Feldman,HeidiM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Marchman,VirginiaA;Ashland,MelanieD;Loi,ElizabethC;Munevar,Mónica;Shannon,KatherineA;Fernald,Anne;Feldman,HeidiM
儿童早期语言处理效率与后期语言和非语言结果之间的关联揭示了早期信息处理技能在多大程度上支持后期跨不同功能领域的学习。检查在典型的发展中和处于风险中的人群中关联的强度是否相似，为儿童在整个发展过程中可能采取的不同学习途径提供了额外的透镜。在这项随访研究中，对足月（FT，n= 49）和早产（PT，n= 45，胎龄≤32周，出生体重<1800 g）的儿童在18个月时进行了边听边看（LWL）任务评估（PT组校正了早产程度）。这个眼动追踪任务评估实时口语理解的效率，即处理的准确性和速度（RT）。在4岁半的时候，孩子们接受了接受性词汇，表达性语言和非语言智商的标准化测试。排除协变量后，语言处理效率与两种语言结果相关（r2变化：7.0- 19.7%，p < 0.01）。出生组没有缓和这些影响，这表明PT和FT儿童在这些领域的学习机制相似。然而，出生组调节了速度和非语言智商之间的关联（r2变化：4.5%，p < 0.05），因此在PT组中发现了关联，而在FT组中没有发现。这一发现表明，反映在实时语言处理效率的信息处理技能，可以招募到支持学习在更广泛的口头和非口头领域的PT相比，FT组。
Associations between children’s early language processing efficiency and later verbal and non-verbal outcomes shed light on the extent to which early information processing skills support later learning across different domains of function. Examining whether the strengths of associations are similar in typically developing and at-risk populations provides an additional lens into the varying routes to learning that children may take across development. In this follow-up study, children born full-term (FT,n= 49) and preterm (PT,n= 45, ≤32 weeks gestational age, birth weight <1800 g) were assessed in the Looking While Listening (LWL) task at 18 months (corrected for degree of prematurity in PT group). This eye-tracking task assesses efficiency of real-time spoken language comprehension as accuracy and speed (RT) of processing. At 4 ½ years, children were assessed on standardized tests of receptive vocabulary, expressive language, and non-verbal IQ. Language processing efficiency was associated with both language outcomes (r2-change: 7.0–19.7%,p< 0.01), after covariates. Birth group did not moderate these effects, suggesting similar mechanisms of learning in these domains for PT and FT children. However, birth group moderated the association between speed and non-verbal IQ (r2-change: 4.5%,p< 0.05), such that an association was found in the PT but not the FT group. This finding suggests that information processing skills reflected in efficiency of real-time language processing may be recruited to support learning in a broader range of verbal and non-verbal domains in the PT compared to the FT group.