"I can, therefore I must": fragility in the upper-middle classes.
"I can, therefore I must": fragility in the upper-middle classes.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579413000758
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发表时间：
2013-11
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Crossman EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luthar SS;Barkin SH;Crossman EJ
我们回顾了最近被确定为“处于危险之中”的群体的证据，即处于向上移动的中上阶层社区环境中的青年。这些青少年在统计学上比正常样本更有可能在几个领域表现出严重的干扰，包括吸毒和酗酒，以及内化和外化问题。现有的数据对这些问题进行审查，注意到性别特有的模式，提出定量发展研究结果沿着与其他学科的相关证据。在考虑可能的原因升高失调，我们评估多个途径，包括家庭动力学方面，同侪规范，在学校的压力，在高等教育和政策。所有这些途径都被认为是在广泛的背景下，系统外的习俗：普遍强调，在当代美国文化中，最大限度地提高个人地位，以及这如何威胁到个人和社区的福祉。然后，我们讨论了在未来的研究中值得注意的问题。本文最后提出了针对青年、父母、教育工作者以及政策制定者的多层次干预建议，以减少“有特权但有压力”的青年及其家庭的压力，并最大限度地积极适应。
We review evidence on a group recently identified as “at risk,” that is, youth in upwardly mobile, upper-middle class community contexts. These youngsters are statistically more likely than normative samples to show serious disturbance across several domains including drug and alcohol use, as well as internalizing and externalizing problems. Extant data on these problems are reviewed with attention to gender-specific patterns, presenting quantitative developmental research findings along with relevant evidence across other disciplines. In considering possible reasons for elevated maladjustment, we appraise multiple pathways, including aspects of family dynamics, peer norms, pressures at schools, and policies in higher education. All of these pathways are considered within the context of broad, exosystemic mores: the pervasive emphasis, in contemporary American culture, on maximizing personal status, and how this can threaten the well-being of individuals and of communities. We then discuss issues that warrant attention in future research. The paper concludes with suggestions for interventions at multiple levels, targeting youth, parents, educators, as well as policymakers, toward reducing pressures and maximizing positive adaptation among “privileged but pressured” youth and their families.