Environmental variation, life history attributes, and community structure in stream fishes: Implications for environmental management and assessment
Environmental variation, life history attributes, and community structure in stream fishes: Implications for environmental management and assessment
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02394713
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发表时间：
1990-09
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
I. Schlosser
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Schlosser
美国中西部河流中的鱼类在自然环境变化中经历了强烈的上游-下游梯度。上游鱼类经历更大的时间变化的物理化学条件比下游鱼类，特别是在间歇性流。伴随着环境变化，溪流鱼类的生活史特征和群落结构也发生了根本性的变化。总体而言，上游物种比下游物种寿命短，体型小，性成熟早。描述性的研究还表明，上游物种表现出更快的tenonization后，严重的物理干扰比下游物种，鱼类群落结构是在时间上更易变的上游比下游地区。这些纵向差异的生活史特征表明，上游鱼类群落将表现出更快的恢复，从严重的人为干扰比下游鱼类群落。上游地区鱼类群落结构的时间变异性更大，这也表明上游地区比下游地区更难使用基于鱼类的指数来区分环境质量的细微变化是由于自然还是人为干扰。对整个流域的鱼类进行长期监测是非常必要的，以更精确地确定群落结构变化的自然范围。这种监测将使管理机构能够更有把握地区分人为干扰对溪流鱼类的影响和自然环境变化的影响。
Fishes in midwestern streams of the United States experience strong upstream—downstream gradients in natural environmental variability. Upstream fishes experience greater temporal variability in physical—chemical conditions than downstream fishes, particularly in intermittent streams. Associated with these changes in environmental variability, basic changes occur in life history attributes and temporal variation in community structure of stream fishes. As a whole, upstream species have a shorter life-span, smaller body size, and earlier sexual maturity than downstream species. Descriptive studies also suggest upstream species exhibit more rapid recolonization after severe physical disturbance than downstream species, and fish community structure is temporally more variable in upstream than downstream areas. These longitudinal differences in life history characteristics suggest that upstream fish communities will exhibit more rapid recovery from severe anthropogenic disturbances than downstream fish communities. The greater temporal variability of fish community structure in upstream areas also suggests it will be more difficult in upstream than downstream areas to use fish-based indices to distinguish whether subtle changes in environmental quality are due to natural or anthropogenic disturbances. Long-term monitoring of fishes throughout drainage basins is critically needed to establish more precisely the natural range of variation in community structure. Such monitoring will allow regulatory agencies to distinguish, with greater confidence, the influence of anthropogenic disturbances on stream fishes from the influence of natural environmental variation.