Through the wormhole: tracking invisible MPLS tunnels
Through the wormhole: tracking invisible MPLS tunnels
复制标题
穿越虫洞：跟踪不可见的 MPLS 隧道
DOI：
10.1145/3131365.3131378
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Donnet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yves Vanaubel;Pascal Mérindol;Jean;B. Donnet
多年来，互联网拓扑结构的研究一直是通过主动测量进行的。例如，Caida在使用traceroute获得的IP级跟踪之上构建路由器级拓扑。由此产生的图包含大量具有非常大的度的节点，通常超过路由器的实际接口数量。虽然这个属性可能是由于不准确的别名解析造成的，但我们认为由不可见隧道组成的不透明MPLS云是主要原因。使用第2层技术（如MPLS），可以将路由器配置为隐藏内部IP跳以防止跟踪路由。因此，MPLS网络的入口点作为所有出口点的邻居出现，并且整个第三层网络变成高度节点的密集网格。本文解决了三个问题：MPLS隧道隐藏的IP跳的揭示，MPLS部署低估，和高估的高度节点。我们开发新的测量技术，能够揭示无形的MPLS隧道的存在和内容。我们通过仿真和交叉验证对其进行评估，并针对我们应用统计分析的可疑网络进行大规模测量活动。最后，基于我们的数据集，我们研究了受不可见隧道影响的基本图形属性。
For years, Internet topology research has been conducted through active measurement. For instance, Caida builds router level topologies on top of IP level traces obtained with traceroute. The resulting graphs contain a significant amount of nodes with a very large degree, often exceeding the actual number of interfaces of a router. Although this property may result from inaccurate alias resolution, we believe that opaque MPLS clouds made of invisible tunnels are the main cause. Using Layer-2 technologies such as MPLS, routers can be configured to hide internal IP hops from traceroute. Consequently, an entry point of an MPLS network appears as the neighbor of all exit points and the whole Layer-3 network turns into a dense mesh of high degree nodes. This paper tackles three problems: the revelation of IP hops hidden by MPLS tunnels, the MPLS deployment underestimation, and the overestimation of high degree nodes. We develop new measurement techniques able to reveal the presence and content of invisible MPLS tunnels. We assess them through emulation and cross-validation and perform a large-scale measurement campaign targeting suspicious networks on which we apply statistical analysis. Finally, based on our dataset, we look at basic graph properties impacted by invisible tunnels.
DOI：
10.1145/2068816.2068858
发表时间：
2011-11
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Sommers;P. Barford;Brian Eriksson
通讯作者：
J. Sommers;P. Barford;Brian Eriksson
影响因子：
35.6
作者：
H. Haddadi;M. Rio;G. Iannaccone;A. Moore;R. Mortier
通讯作者：
H. Haddadi;M. Rio;G. Iannaccone;A. Moore;R. Mortier