Deep History : The Architecture of Past and Present
Deep History : The Architecture of Past and Present
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深厚的历史:过去和现在的建筑
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Smail
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Shryock;D. Smail
深度历史汇集了人类学家，考古学家和历史学家，思考研究遥远的过去的挑战，可以追溯到写作之前。一系列合著的文章试图消除编辑们所谓的深层次和浅层次历史之间的障碍，这些历史是用看似不同和截然不同的方法研究的。这些章节形成了四个部分的“主叙事”。第一部分“问题与方向”，包括两章。导言强调了深刻历史的重要性，认为历史学家还没有适应这样一个过去的现实。第二章，“想象人类在深时间，”发展了四个基本的隐喻和方向，可以用来作为链接到遥远的过去，亲属关系，交换，扩展，好客，和家谱。这一发人深省的章节为接下来的三个部分奠定了基础。第二部分审查三个专题。第三章，“身体”，通过人类的形式将我们与过去联系起来，在我们存在的大部分时间里，文化塑造了我们的身体，最近则是现代世界的表观遗传力量。第四章“能源与生态系统”认为，反馈回路和因果关系的联合模式可以追溯到遥远的过去，是深刻历史的有效手段。语言之所以受到重视，是因为语言之间的谱系关系和网络的概念;语言之间的交流对人类语言的发展至关重要。四章探讨“共享物质”，其中包括食物和深厚的亲属关系，认为共享是一个高度适应性的过程，可以揭示人类行为的惊人变化。与我们的灵长类表亲不同，我们利用食物和亲属关系创造了一个高度了解过去和现在的世界。关系和交换的网络也是代表亲缘关系的共享物质，它使我们能够远距离沟通，也能重新连接，这是创造历史的基本工具。肛门的一套散文，“人类的扩张，”采取了广泛的视角。移徙讨论了人类在世界各地的流动，这是可能的文化工具包和流动性。社交网络的变化，不同的食物方式，以及不同大陆的定居导致的适应。“货物”指的是连接遥远的人口并建立复杂交换网络的物质对象，其影响改变了深刻的历史。《尺度》巧妙地剖析了人类发展是渐进的、累积的和定向的这一假设。这就是本书的中心论点：深层时间在我们的思想和身体的结构中，在我们创造的物质和社会世界中是可见的--“人类经验的仓库”（272）。《深层历史》试图破解将遥远的过去和最近的过去融合成一部统一的人类历史的挑战。这些章节是感性的，如果在他们的论点有时深奥。他们是评论
Deep History brings together anthropologists, archaeologists, and historians to ponder the challenges of studying the remote past that extends back long before writing. A series of co-authored essays attempt to remove the barriers that separate what the editors call deep and shallow history, studied by seemingly different and distinct methodologies. The chapters form “a master narrative” in four parts. Part I, “Problems and Orientation,” comprises two chapters. An introduction stresses the importance of deep history, arguing that historians have not yet adjusted to the reality of such a past. Chapter 2, “Imagining the Human in Deep Time,” develops four fundamental metaphors and orientations that can be used as links to the remoter past—kinshipping, exchange, extensions, hospitality, and genealogy. This thought-provoking chapter sets the stage for the three parts that follow. Part II examines three topics. Chapter 3, “The Body,” connects us to the past through the human form, shaped for most of our existence by culture, more recently by the epigenetic forces of the modern world. Chapter 4, “Energy and Ecosystems,” argues that feedback loops and conjoined patterns of cause and effect, which can be traced far back into the past, are effective devices for deep history. Language receives emphasis, because of both the genealogical relationships between languages and the notion of a web or net; exchanges between languages were crucial to the development of human speech. Four chapters explore “Shared Substance,” among them food and deep kinship, on the argument that sharing is a highly adaptable process that can reveal striking transformations in human behavior. Unlike our primate cousins, we have used food and kinship to create worlds that are highly aware of past and present. Networks of relationship and exchange are also shared substances that represent kinshipping, which allows us to communicate over distance and also to reconnect, a basic tool for creating history. The anal set of essays, “Human Expansion,” takes a broad perspective. Migration discusses the movements of humans around the world, which is made possible by cultural toolkits and mobility. Changes in social networks, different food ways, and adaptations resulted from the settlement of different continents. “Goods” refers to material objects that connected distant populations and built complex exchange networks, the effects of which changed deep history. “Scale” ably dissects the assumption that human development is progressive, cumulative, and directional. Herein lies the central argument of this book: Deep time is visible in the structure of our minds and bodies and in our created material and social world—“the storehouse of the human experience” (272). Deep History attempts to decipher the challenges of melding the remote and more recent past into a uniaed history of humankind. The chapters are perceptive, if at times esoteric in their arguments. They are Reviews