Correlated random walks caused by dynamical wavefunction collapse.
Correlated random walks caused by dynamical wavefunction collapse.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep13380
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发表时间：
2015-08-25
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Ulbricht H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bedingham DJ;Ulbricht H
波函数坍缩模型修改了Schrödinger的方程，使其将宏观上可区分的状态叠加的坍缩描述为一个动态过程。这为解决量子测量问题提供了基础。坍缩机制的另一个普遍结果是，它使粒子表现出微小的随机扩散运动。本文表明，对于连续自发局域化（CSL）模型——最完善的坍缩模型之一——两个足够近的粒子的扩散呈正相关。提出了一种实验测试这种效应，在它们同时从附近的陷阱中释放出来后，测量自由纳米粒子对的随机位移。实验必须在足够低的温度和压力下进行，以使坍塌效应压倒环境噪声。本文认为，在CSL模型可行参数空间的很大范围内，现有技术可以满足这些约束条件。当颗粒间的分离超过CSL长度尺度时，该效应消失。因此，该测试提供了一种限制该长度尺度的方法。
Wavefunction collapse models modify Schrödinger’s equation so that it describes the collapse of a superposition of macroscopically distinguishable states as a dynamical process. This provides a basis for the resolution of the quantum measurement problem. An additional generic consequence of the collapse mechanism is that it causes particles to exhibit a tiny random diffusive motion. Here it is shown that for the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model—one of the most well developed collapse models—the diffusions of two sufficiently nearby particles are positively correlated. An experimental test of this effect is proposed in which random displacements of pairs of free nanoparticles are measured after they have been simultaneously released from nearby traps. The experiment must be carried out at sufficiently low temperature and pressure in order for the collapse effects to dominate over the ambient environmental noise. It is argued that these constraints can be satisfied by current technologies for a large region of the viable parameter space of the CSL model. The effect disappears as the separation between particles exceeds the CSL length scale. The test therefore provides a means of bounding this length scale.