Frequency of going outdoors: a predictor of functional and psychosocial change among ambulatory frail elders living at home.
Frequency of going outdoors: a predictor of functional and psychosocial change among ambulatory frail elders living at home.
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DOI：
10.1093/gerona/59.3.m275
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发表时间：
2004-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Kono;I. Kai;Chiyoko Sakato;L. Rubenstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Kono;I. Kai;Chiyoko Sakato;L. Rubenstein
背景：本研究调查了居住在家中的体弱老年人的户外活动频率与随后的功能和心理社会变化之间的关系。方法在为期9个月的前瞻性队列研究中，对112名居住在家中的老年体弱者及其家属进行问卷调查。比较3组患者基线时的功能和心理社会状况，以及日常生活活动能力、抑郁、日常活动自我效能、健康促进自我效能和社会支持的随访情况：1)每周外出4次以上，2)每周1~3次，3)每周少于1次。在基线上，与较少外出的老年人相比，更频繁地外出的老年人功能受损更少，社交活动更多，抑郁得分更低。结果即使在控制基线差异的情况下，功能能力(p=.0201)和智力活动(p=.0026)随着时间的推移也有显著差异，即使控制了基线差异，那些很少外出的人的得分也迅速下降。在日常活动(p=.0067)和健康促进(p=.0245)方面，户外活动频率与自我效能感的变化之间存在相似的关系，其中参与者最频繁地户外活动显著改善更多。结论户外活动频率可作为预测儿童功能能力、智力活动和自我效能感变化的一种简便、实用的指标。
BACKGROUND This study investigated the relationship between the frequency of going outdoors among ambulatory frail elders living at home and subsequent functional and psychosocial changes. METHODS In this 9-month prospective cohort study, data were collected via questionnaire from 112 frail elderly persons living at home and their families. Functional and psychosocial status at baseline and follow-up regarding activities of daily living, functional capacity, depression, self-efficacy for daily activities, self-efficacy for health promotion, and social support, were compared among 3 groups defined by the frequency of going outdoors: 1) more than 4 times a week, 2) 1-3 times a week, 3) less than once a week. At baseline, elders going outdoors more often were less functionally impaired, more socially active, and scored less depressed than elders going outdoors less often. RESULTS There were significant differences in functional capacity (p=.0201) and intellectual activities (p=.0026) over time according to the frequency of going outdoors, even when controlling for baseline differences, and the scores of those who seldom went outdoors decreased rapidly. There were similar relationships between frequency of going outdoors and changes in self-efficacy for both daily activities (p=.0067) and for health promotion (p=.0245), with participants going outdoors most frequently improving significantly more. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the frequency of going outdoors may be a useful and simple indicator to predict changes in functional capacity, intellectual activity and self-efficacy.