Nitrous oxide emission sources from a mixed livestock farm
Nitrous oxide emission sources from a mixed livestock farm
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.014
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Skiba, U. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cowan, N. J.;Levy, P. E.;Skiba, U. M.
本研究的主要目的是确定和比较最显着的一氧化二氮（N2 O）的排放源，从土壤中的一个典型的混合畜牧场在苏格兰。农场地区可以被认为是该地区农业土壤的代表，户外放牧是畜牧业的重要组成部分。高时间分辨率的动态箱法被用来测量N2 O通量的无特征，一般地区的耕地和牧场（一般），并从这些地区，大氮添加是非常可能的，如动物饲养区，粪肥堆，动物谷仓（功能）。单个N2 O通量的测量值相差四个数量级，数值范围为-5.5 ~80，000 μ g N2 O-N m（-2）h（-1）。通量的对数正态分布需要使用更复杂的统计数据来量化不确定性，包括贝叶斯方法，该方法提供了一种可靠和透明的“升级”方法，即将小尺度观测转化为更大尺度，同时适当传播不确定性。平均N2 O通量与功能通常是一个到四个数量级大于一般地区的耕地和牧场。在温暖的月份，当广泛放牧发生在整个农场，较小的N2 O通量的最大面积源-一般领域（99.7%的总面积）-占主导地位的整体N2 O排放量。这些特征的贡献仍然很重要，因为在某些条件下，高达91%的通量可能来自仅0.3%的区域，特别是在寒冷的冬季，粪堆和畜舍继续产生排放，而土壤温度达到不利于微生物活动的温度（< 5摄氏度）。
The primary aim of this study was to identify and compare the most significant sources of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils within a typical mixed livestock farm in Scotland. The farm area can be considered as representative of agricultural soils in this region where outdoor grazing forms an important part of the animal husbandry. A high temporal resolution dynamic chamber method was used to measure N2O fluxes from the featureless, general areas of the arable and pasture fields (general) and from those areas where large nitrogen additions are highly likely, such as animal feeding areas, manure heaps, animal barns (features). Individual N2O flux measurements varied by four orders of magnitude, with values ranging from -5.5 to 80,000 mu g N2O-N m(-2) h(-1). The log-normal distribution of the fluxes required the use of more complex statistics to quantify uncertainty, including a Bayesian approach which provided a robust and transparent method for "upscaling" i.e. translating small-scale observations to larger scales, with appropriate propagation of uncertainty. Mean N2O fluxes associated with the features were typically one to four orders of magnitude larger than those measured on the general areas of the arable and pasture fields. During warmer months, when widespread grazing takes place across the farm, the smaller N2O fluxes of the largest area source - the general field (99.7% of total area) - dominated the overall N2O emissions. The contribution from the features should still be considered important, given that up to 91% of the fluxes may come from only 0.3% of the area under certain conditions, especially in the colder winter months when manure heaps and animal barns continue to produce emissions while soils reach temperatures unfavourable for microbial activity (< 5 degrees C).