Dietary Transformation of Lipid in the Rumen Microbial Ecosystem
Dietary Transformation of Lipid in the Rumen Microbial Ecosystem
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DOI：
10.5713/ajas.2009.r.11
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Scollan, Nigel D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kim, Eun J.;Huws, Sharon A.;Scollan, Nigel D.
膳食脂质在瘤胃中迅速水解和生物氢化，导致肉类和牛奶的特征是高含量的饱和脂肪酸和低含量的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA），这有助于增加疾病的风险，包括心血管疾病和癌症。人们对改变反刍动物产品的脂肪酸组成有相当大的兴趣，其总体目标是改善消费者的长期健康。瘤胃内脂肪的代谢（脂肪分解和生物氢化）是决定反刍动物脂肪酸组成的主要关键控制点。近年来，我们对所涉及的途径和代谢重要中间体的理解有了相当大的进展。基于16 S rRNA基因的分子微生物学技术的进展有助于进一步推进我们对负责瘤胃脂质转化的关键生物体的认识。作为影响反刍动物脂质脂肪酸组成的重要饮食策略，人们的注意力集中在牧草、植物油和油籽、鱼油、海藻和脂肪补充剂中的脂质的瘤胃生物氢化。牧草，如草和豆类，富含omega-3 PUFA，是提高反刍动物产品营养价值的有用天然策略。具体而言，这篇综述针对两个关键领域的饲料：i）是什么命运的富含脂质的植物叶绿体在瘤胃和ii）多酚氧化酶在红三叶草作为一种天然植物为基础的保护机制，在瘤胃的膳食脂质的作用。审查还涉及主要途径和微生物参与脂解和生物氢化。
Dietary lipids are rapidly hydrolysed and biohydrogenated in the rumen resulting in meat and milk characterised by a high content of saturated fatty acids and low polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which contributes to increases in the risk of diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer. There has been considerable interest in altering the fatty acid composition of ruminant products with the overall aim of improving the long-term health of consumers. Metabolism of dietary lipids in the rumen (lipolysis and biohydrogenation) is a major critical control point in determining the fatty acid composition of ruminant lipids. Our understanding of the pathways involved and metabolically important intermediates has advanced considerably in recent years. Advances in molecular microbial technology based on 16S rRNA genes have helped to further advance our knowledge of the key organisms responsible for ruminal lipid transformation. Attention has focused on ruminal biohydrogenation of lipids in forages, plant oils and oilseeds, fish oil, marine algae and fat supplements as important dietary strategies which impact on fatty acid composition of ruminant lipids. Forages, such as grass and legumes, are rich in omega-3 PUFA and are a useful natural strategy in improving nutritional value of ruminant products. Specifically this review targets two key areas in relation to forages: i) what is the fate of the lipid-rich plant chloroplast in the rumen and ii) the role of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase in red clover as a natural plant-based protection mechanism of dietary lipids in the rumen. The review also addresses major pathways and micro-organisms involved in lipolysis and biohydrogenation.