The Psychology of State-Sponsored Disinformation Campaigns and Implications for Public Diplomacy
The Psychology of State-Sponsored Disinformation Campaigns and Implications for Public Diplomacy
复制标题
国家资助的虚假信息运动的心理及其对公共外交的影响
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
O. Kamenchuk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Nisbet;O. Kamenchuk
关于虚假信息的政策论述主要集中在国家支持的虚假信息运动的技术层面。不幸的是，这种对技术的短视关注，导致人们对推动国家支持的虚假信息运动取得成功的潜在人为因素关注不足。关于虚假信息的学术研究强烈表明，对虚假或误导性信息的信仰更多地是由个人情感和认知反应驱动的——被宏观的社会、政治和文化趋势放大——而不是具体的信息技术。因此，关注通过特定的技术平台来打击虚假信息的传播和传播，而不了解其中的人为因素，阻碍了公共外交努力的反击能力。本文通过回顾三种常见类型的国家支持的虚假信息运动的潜在心理，并确定未来设计有效的公共外交应对策略的经验教训，解决了这一空白。
Policy discourse about disinformation focuses heavily on the technological dimensions of state-sponsored disinformation campaigns. Unfortunately, this myopic focus on technology has led to insufficient attention being paid to the underlying human factors driving the success of state-sponsored disinformation campaigns. Academic research on disinformation strongly suggests that belief in false or misleading information is driven more by individual emotional and cognitive responses — amplified by macro social, political and cultural trends — than specific information technologies. Thus, attention given to countering the distribution and promulgation of disinformation through specific technological platforms, at the expense of understanding the human factors at play, hampers the ability of public diplomacy efforts countering it. This article addresses this lacuna by reviewing the underlying psychology of three common types of state-sponsored disinformation campaigns and identifying lessons for designing effective public diplomacy counter-strategies in the future.