A PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF BRADYKINESIA
A PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF BRADYKINESIA
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DOI：
10.1093/brain/103.2.301
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
KHOSHBIN, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HALLETT, M;KHOSHBIN, S
ONE of the most striking features of the motor disability of patients with Parkinson's disease is bradykinesia. Bradykinesia has many different aspects including prolonged reaction time to initiate a movement (Draper and Johns, 1964; Barbeau and DeGroot, 1966; Brumlik and Bosches, 1966), prolonged time to arrest a false movement (Angel, Alston and Higgins, 1970), prolonged time to change a motor pattern (Joubert and Barbeau, 1969) and weakness, at least to the extent of rapid fatigue on prolonged tasks (Schwab, England and Peterson, 1959; Joubert and Barbeau, 1969). The most characteristic feature, however, is slowness of movement (Draper and Johns, 1964; Barbeau and DeGroot, 1966; Brumlik and Bosches, 1966; Joubert and Barbeau, 1969). Normally, people are able to move their limbs with a continuous spectrum of velocities. The fastest movements are often called ballistic, even though these movements may just be at one end of the spectrum rather than qualitatively different from other slower movements. Bradykinesia must reflect itself in an abnormality of ballistic movements, and it is the purpose of this paper to define the underlying pathophysiology.As the term'ballistic movement'is used differently by different authors, it is necessary to specify its meaning in relation to this study. As recently summarized by Desmedt and Godaux (1978), following Richer (1895a, b) and Stetson and McDill (1923), the initial use of the term ballistic referred to those movements which are so brief that the agonist would cease firing before the end of the movement. Such movements were thought to be unmodifiable once set into action by virtue of their brevity. Other authors, such as Flowers (1975, 1976), have extended the meaning of ballistic to refer to any movement performed'open-loop', without possibility of modification, even if taking a longer period of time. We would prefer, as do Desmedt and Godaux (1978), to use ballistic more in the original sense, but to be defined electromyographically as fitting a characteristic pattern of activation. Wachholder and Altenburger (1926) first described the initial part of the electromyographic pattern of the most rapid movements as being
