Putting the Political Back into Political Economy by Bringing the State Back in yet Again
Putting the Political Back into Political Economy by Bringing the State Back in yet Again
复制标题
通过再次让国家回归来将政治重新纳入政治经济
DOI：
10.1017/s0043887109000173
复制
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
V. Schmidt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Schmidt
当今政治经济学的主流理论方法，无论是新自由主义资本主义的趋同，资本主义的二元分化，还是金融治理的三方分化，都淡化了国家行为的重要性。他们的方法论途径，理性选择和历史制度主义，倾向于通过将国家分解为其历史制度组成部分或通过关注其理性行为者的战略行动来加强其实质性理论。本文认为，如果不认真对待国家行为，他们就无法解释各国新自由主义改革的程度和种类的差异。为此，有必要让国家回归，让政治回归到政治经济学中，不仅是在政治经济制度方面，而且在政策、政体和政治方面。然而，为了探索各种各样的政治，本文表明，至少还需要一种方法论的方法，即话语制度主义。这种方法通过认真对待思想和话语的作用，将政治行为者作为有知觉的生物重新纳入其中。这反过来也使作者能够解释政治经济学中新自由主义改革的动态。
Dominant theoretical approaches in political economy today, whether they posit convergence to neoliberal capitalism, binary divergence of capitalisms, or tripartite differentiation of financial governance, downplay the importance of state action. Their methodological approaches, rational choice and historical institutionalism, tend to reinforce their substantive theories either by disaggregating the state into its historical institutional components or by focusing on the strategic actions of its rational actors. This article argues that by not taking state action seriously, they are unable to explain the differences in degree and kind of countries' neoliberal reforms. For this, it is necessary to bring the state back in and to put the political back into political economy not just in terms of political economic institutions but also in terms of policies, polity, and politics. To explore the political in all its variety, however, the article demonstrates that at least one more methodological approach, discursive institutionalism, is also needed. This approach, by taking the role of ideas and discourse seriously, brings political actors as sentient beings back in. This in turn also enables the author to explain the dynamics of neoliberal reform in political economy.