Real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography
Real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography
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DOI：
10.1177/016173460402600402
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发表时间：
2004-10-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Smith, SW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pua, EC;Idriss, SF;Smith, SW
经食管超声心动图（TEE）是经胸超声心动图窗口较差或需要对远离胸壁的结构进行详细成像的患者的重要诊断工具。为了增加经食管手术过程中可用的信息量，我们实验室制作了实时3D TEE探头。直径为1 cm的食管探头在其尖端使用2维、5 MHz阵列，孔径为6.3 mm，包括50 Ω有源通道。该阵列具有周期性游标几何形状，元件间距为0.18 mm，构建在多层柔性（MLF）互连电路上。为了在装置内容纳504个通道，使用1比1长的戈尔MicroFlat（TM）电缆将MLF连接到相应的系统连接器。在水箱中进行的脉冲回波测试产生了25.3%的-6 dB带宽。通过3米长的电缆与系统完全连接，探头显示出-85 dB的平均50 Ω插入损耗，标准差为4 dB，这是通过对10个元件进行采样的一发一收测量确定的。使用完整的3D TEE探头和Volumetrics Medical Imaging 3D扫描仪，采集了体内犬心脏解剖结构的实时体积图像，显示心房视图、二尖瓣功能和介入导管引导。
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an essential diagnostic tool in patients with poor transthoracic echocardiographic windows or when detailed imaging of structures distant from the chest wall is necessary. A real-time 3 D TEE probe has been fabricated in our laboratory in order to increase the amount of information available during a transesophageal procedure. The I cm diameter esophageal probe utilizes a 2-dimensional, 5 MHz array at its tip with a 6.3 mm diameter aperture, including 50 Omega active channels. The array has a periodic vernier geometry with an element pitch of 0.18 mm, built onto a multi layer flexible (MLF) interconnect circuit. In order to accommodate 504 channels within the device, a 1 to long Gore MicroFlat (TM) cable was utilized for wiring the MLF to the corresponding system connectors. Pulse-echo tests in a water tank have yielded a -6 dB bandwidth of 25.3%. Fully connected to the system through 3 m of cable, the probe shows an average 50 Omega insertion loss of -85 dB with a standard deviation of 4 dB, as determined through pitch-catch measurements for a sampling of 10 elements. Using the completed 3 D TEE probe with the Volumetrics Medical Imaging 3D scanner, real-time volumetric images of in vivo canine cardiac anatomy have been acquired, displaying atrial views, mitral valve function and interventional catheter guidance.