Improvement of J. curcas Oil by Genetic Transformation
Improvement of J. curcas Oil by Genetic Transformation
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4614-4915-7_29
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jian Ye;Yan-yun Hong;Jing Qu;Chun Ming Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jian Ye;Yan-yun Hong;Jing Qu;Chun Ming Wang
随着政府对可持续能源的补贴和授权，对生物柴油的需求飙升。生物柴油的质量和性能取决于油中脂肪酸的组成，因为它直接影响着燃点质量、燃烧热、低温流动和氧化稳定性。从麻疯树籽中提取的油已被许多国家用作生物柴油的原料。为了使生物柴油在低温下具有良好的氧化稳定性和流动性能，生物柴油需要更多的单不饱和脂肪酸（油酸和棕榈油酸），更少的多不饱和酸和饱和酸。对麻疯树油生物合成、代谢及转录调控基因的新认识，为直接基因工程提高麻疯树油含量和品质提供了新的途径。为了尽量减少对整个植物的不良影响，需要对基因靶向进行精确控制。从转基因植物中删除抗生素选择标记也将进一步提高公众对转基因的接受程度。本文就目前已成功应用于油脂脂肪酸基因工程的策略和基因进行综述。讨论了麻疯树的种间育种、有用的基因资源和提高生物柴油和喷气生物燃料性能的新策略。
The demand for biodiesel has soared along with government subsidies and mandates for sustainable energy. The quality and performance of biodiesel depends on the composition of the fatty acids present in the oil as it has a direct impact on the ignition quality, heat of combustion, flow at low temperature and oxidative stability. The oil extracted fromJatropha curcasseeds has been used by many countries as a biodiesel feedstock. To have good oxidative stability and flow properties under low temperature, biodiesel needs more monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic and palmitoleic acids), less polyunsaturated acids and less saturated acids. New insights into genes of Jatropha oil biosynthesis and metabolism as well as of transcriptional control are beginning to unfold biotechnological enhancement of oil content and quality by direct genetic engineering. To minimize unwanted effects at whole plant level, precise control of gene targeting will be needed. The deletion of antibiotic selection marker from the transgenic plants will also further increase the public acceptance of transgenenesis. In this review, we focus on the strategies and genes that have been successfully applied to the genetic engineering of oil fatty acids. We also discussed interspecific breeding, useful gene resources and new strategies for improving the properties of biodiesel and jet biofuel from Jatropha.