Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
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DOI：
10.3847/2041-8213/abef71
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发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Algaba;J. Anczarski;K. Asada;M. Balokovi;S. Chandra;Y.-Z. Cui;A. Falcone;M. Giroletti;C. Goddi;K. Hada;D. Haggard;S. Jorstad;A. Kaur;T. Kawashima;G. Keating;J. Kim;M. Kino;E. Kravchenko;M. Lucchini;S. Markoff;J. Neilsen;M. A. Nowak;J. Park;G. Principe;V. Ramakrishnan;M. T. Reynolds;M. Sasada;K. Akiyama;A. Alberdi;W. Alef;R. Anantua;R. Azulay;A. Baczko;D. Ball;J. Barrett;D. Bintley;B. Benson;L. Blackburn;R. Blundell;W. Boland;K. Bouman;G. Bower;H. Boyce;M. Bremer;C. Brinkerink;R. Brissenden;S. Britzen;A. Broderick;D. Broguiere;T. Bronzwaer;D. Byun;J. Carlstrom;A. Chael;Chi-kwan Chan;S. Chatterjee;K. Chatterjee;Ming-Tang Chen;P. Chesler;I. Cho;P. Christian;J. Conway;J. Cordes;T. Crawford;A. Cruz-Osorio;J. Davelaar;M. Laurentis;R. Deane;J. Dempsey;G. Desvignes;J. Dexter;S. Doeleman;R. Eatough;H. Falcke;J. Farah;V. Fish;E. Fomalont;H. Ford;R. Fraga-Encinas;P. Friberg;C. Fromm;A. Fuentes;P. Galison;C. Gammie;Roberto García;O. Gentaz;B. Georgiev;R. Gold;J. Gómez;M. Gurwell;M. H. Hecht;R. Hesper;P. Ho;M. Honma;Chih-Wei L. Huang;David H. Hughes;Shiro Ikeda;M. Inoue;S. Issaoun;D. J. James;B. Jannuzi;M. Janssen;B. Jeter;A. Jiménez-Rosales;Michael D. Johnson;T. Jung;M. Karami;R. Karuppusamy;M. Kettenis;Dong-Jin Kim;Jongsoo Kim;Junhan Kim;J. Koay;Y. Kofuji;P. Koch;S. Koyama;M. Kramer;C. Kramer;C. Kuo;T. Lauer;A. Levis;M. Lindqvist;R. Lico;G. Lindahl;Kuo Liu;E. Liuzzo;Wen-Ping Lo;A. Lobanov;L. Loinard;C. Lonsdale;N. MacDonald;N. Marchili;D. Marrone;A. Marscher;I. Martí-Vidal;S. Matsushita;L. Matthews;L. Medeiros;K. Menten;I. Mizuno;Y. Mizuno;J. M. Moran;Kotaro Moriyama;M. Mościbrodzka;C. Müller;G. Musoke;A. Mejías;H. Nagai;M. Nakamura;Ramesh Narayan;G. Narayanan;I. Natarajan;A. Nathanail;R. Neri;C. Ni;A. Noutsos;H. Okino;H. Olivares;G. Ortiz-Léon;T. Oyama;F. Özel;D. Palumbo;N. Patel;D. Pesce;V. Piétu;R. Plambeck;A. PopStefanija;O. Porth;F. M. Pötzl;B. Prather;J. A. Preciado-López;D. Psaltis;Hung-Yi Pu;R. Rao;M. Rawlings;A. Raymond;L. Rezzolla;Angelo Ricarte;B. Ripperda;F. Roelofs;Alan Rogers;E. Ros;M. Rose;A. Roshanineshat;H. Rottmann;A. Roy;C. Ruszczyk;K. Rygl;S. Sánchez;D. Sánchez-Arguelles;T. Savolainen;F. Schloerb;K. Schuster;Lijing Shao;B. Sohn;J. SooHoo;F. Tazaki;A. Tetarenko;P. Tiede;R. Tilanus;M. Titus;K. Toma;P. Torne;T. Trent;E. Traianou;S. Trippe;H. V. Langevelde;D. V. Rossum;J. Wagner;D. Ward-Thompson;J. Wardle;J. Weintroub;N. Wex;R. Wharton;M. Wielgus;G. Wong;A. Young;K. Young;Guangyao Zhao;F. Aharonian;E. Angüner;C. Arcaro;C. Armand;T. Armstrong;H. Ashkar;Michael Backes;V. Baghmanyan;V. B. Martins;A. Barnacka;M. Barnard;Y. Becherini;D. Berge;K. Bernlöhr;J. Bolmont;M. Breuhaus;F. Brun;P. Brun;M. Bryan;M. Büchele;T. Bulik;T. Bylund
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Algaba;J. Anczarski;K. Asada;M. Balokovi;S. Chandra;Y.-Z. Cui;A. Falcone;M. Giroletti;C. Goddi;K. Hada;D. Haggard;S. Jorstad;A. Kaur;T. Kawashima;G. Keating;J. Kim;M. Kino;E. Kravchenko;M. Lucchini;S. Markoff;J. Neilsen;M. A. Nowak;J. Park;G. Principe;V. Ramakrishnan;M. T. Reynolds;M. Sasada;K. Akiyama;A. Alberdi;W. Alef;R. Anantua;R. Azulay;A. Baczko;D. Ball;J. Barrett;D. Bintley;B. Benson;L. Blackburn;R. Blundell;W. Boland;K. Bouman;G. Bower;H. Boyce;M. Bremer;C. Brinkerink;R. Brissenden;S. Britzen;A. Broderick;D. Broguiere;T. Bronzwaer;D. Byun;J. Carlstrom;A. Chael;Chi-kwan Chan;S. Chatterjee;K. Chatterjee;Ming-Tang Chen;P. Chesler;I. Cho;P. Christian;J. Conway;J. Cordes;T. Crawford;A. Cruz-Osorio;J. Davelaar;M. Laurentis;R. Deane;J. Dempsey;G. Desvignes;J. Dexter;S. Doeleman;R. Eatough;H. Falcke;J. Farah;V. Fish;E. Fomalont;H. Ford;R. Fraga-Encinas;P. Friberg;C. Fromm;A. Fuentes;P. Galison;C. Gammie;Roberto García;O. Gentaz;B. Georgiev;R. Gold;J. Gómez;M. Gurwell;M. H. Hecht;R. Hesper;P. Ho;M. Honma;Chih-Wei L. Huang;David H. Hughes;Shiro Ikeda;M. Inoue;S. Issaoun;D. J. James;B. Jannuzi;M. Janssen;B. Jeter;A. Jiménez-Rosales;Michael D. Johnson;T. Jung;M. Karami;R. Karuppusamy;M. Kettenis;Dong-Jin Kim;Jongsoo Kim;Junhan Kim;J. Koay;Y. Kofuji;P. Koch;S. Koyama;M. Kramer;C. Kramer;C. Kuo;T. Lauer;A. Levis;M. Lindqvist;R. Lico;G. Lindahl;Kuo Liu;E. Liuzzo;Wen-Ping Lo;A. Lobanov;L. Loinard;C. Lonsdale;N. MacDonald;N. Marchili;D. Marrone;A. Marscher;I. Martí-Vidal;S. Matsushita;L. Matthews;L. Medeiros;K. Menten;I. Mizuno;Y. Mizuno;J. M. Moran;Kotaro Moriyama;M. Mościbrodzka;C. Müller;G. Musoke;A. Mejías;H. Nagai;M. Nakamura;Ramesh Narayan;G. Narayanan;I. Natarajan;A. Nathanail;R. Neri;C. Ni;A. Noutsos;H. Okino;H. Olivares;G. Ortiz-Léon;T. Oyama;F. Özel;D. Palumbo;N. Patel;D. Pesce;V. Piétu;R. Plambeck;A. PopStefanija;O. Porth;F. M. Pötzl;B. Prather;J. A. Preciado-López;D. Psaltis;Hung-Yi Pu;R. Rao;M. Rawlings;A. Raymond;L. Rezzolla;Angelo Ricarte;B. Ripperda;F. Roelofs;Alan Rogers;E. Ros;M. Rose;A. Roshanineshat;H. Rottmann;A. Roy;C. Ruszczyk;K. Rygl;S. Sánchez;D. Sánchez-Arguelles;T. Savolainen;F. Schloerb;K. Schuster;Lijing Shao;B. Sohn;J. SooHoo;F. Tazaki;A. Tetarenko;P. Tiede;R. Tilanus;M. Titus;K. Toma;P. Torne;T. Trent;E. Traianou;S. Trippe;H. V. Langevelde;D. V. Rossum;J. Wagner;D. Ward-Thompson;J. Wardle;J. Weintroub;N. Wex;R. Wharton;M. Wielgus;G. Wong;A. Young;K. Young;Guangyao Zhao;F. Aharonian;E. Angüner;C. Arcaro;C. Armand;T. Armstrong;H. Ashkar;Michael Backes;V. Baghmanyan;V. B. Martins;A. Barnacka;M. Barnard;Y. Becherini;D. Berge;K. Bernlöhr;J. Bolmont;M. Breuhaus;F. Brun;P. Brun;M. Bryan;M. Büchele;T. Bulik;T. Bylund
2017年，事件视界望远镜（EHT）合作成功捕获了M87星系中心的第一张直接图像。不对称环的形态和大小与理论上对一个质量约为6.5 x 10^9 M_solar的弱吸积超大质量黑洞的预期一致。EHTC还与空间和地面的几个国际设施合作，安排了广泛的、准同时的多波长活动。这封信介绍了这一活动的结果和分析，以及作为遗留数据储存库的多波长数据。我们捕获的M87处于历史上较低的状态，在高能量下，核心通量在HST-1上占主导地位，这使得联合收割机核心通量约束与空间上更精确的甚长基线干涉测量数据相结合成为可能。我们提出了最完整的同时多波长光谱的活动核的日期，并讨论了复杂性和警告的数据从不同的空间尺度组合成一个宽带光谱。我们应用两个启发式的，各向同性轻子单区模型，以提供深入了解的基本源属性，但得出的结论是，结构喷流是必要的，以解释M87的频谱。我们可以排除在产生EHT毫米波段辐射的同一区域内通过逆康普顿辐射产生同步γ射线辐射的可能性，并进一步得出结论，如果存在强粒子主导区域，则γ射线只能在内部喷流（HST-1内部）中产生。从加速质子和中子中直接同步辐射还不能排除。
In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass approximately 6.5 x 10^9 M_solar. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87's spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous gamma-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the gamma-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded.