Vagrants as vanguards of range shifts in a dynamic world
Vagrants as vanguards of range shifts in a dynamic world
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2018.06.006
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Watson, David M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Davis, Robert A.;Watson, David M.
最近在澳大利亚基于生物安全问题捕获并圈养了第一只尼科巴鸽，这为研究我们如何管理自然分散到新领土的物种提供了一个令人信服的机会。随着气候变化的日益严重，人们越来越认识到物种需要扩大或改变其活动范围，作为自然适应的一部分。流浪者的出现是一种自然现象，由于气候变化和其他干扰，这种现象可能会增加，但世界各地都知道有多种自我引入的生物。虽然大多数流浪者都是短暂的，几乎没有持久的生态后果，但有些人代表了气候适应个体的先驱，最有可能在他们以前的范围之外建立新的种群。与针对入侵物种的政策和立法手段司空见惯（包括世界上最恶劣入侵者的观察名单）相比，决策者未能考虑到分布范围的内在动态和流浪者作为环境变化第一反应者的重要作用。将个别流浪者视为生物安全风险的临时政策的适用是不知情的，在生态上是站不住脚的，而且可能适得其反。我们明确表示，需要建立一个新的框架，将流浪者视为气候难民，并要求保护管理人员和实地从业人员在确定如何看待和管理流浪者方面发挥积极作用。
The recent capture and removal to captivity of the first Nicobar Pigeon in Australia on the basis of biosecurity concerns, provides a compelling opportunity to examine how we manage species that naturally disperse to new territories. With the spectre of increasing climate change there is an increasing recognition of the need for species to expand or shift their ranges as part of natural adaptation. The occurrence of vagrants is a natural phenomenon that may be increasing as a result of climate change and other disturbances, but self-introduced organisms are known world-wide in multiple taxa. Although most vagrants are short-lived and of little lasting ecological consequence, some represent the forerunners of climate adaptation individuals best placed to found new populations beyond their previous range. In contrast to invasive species for which policies and legislative instruments are commonplace (including watch lists of the world's worst invaders), policy makers have failed to consider the inherent dynamism of distributional ranges and the important role of vagrants as first responders to environmental change. The application of ad-hoc policies considering individual vagrants as a biosecurity risk is ill-informed, ecologically indefensible, and potentially counter-productive. We articulate the need for a new framework to consider vagrants as climate refugees and challenge conservation managers and on-ground practitioners to take active roles in determining how they are both viewed and managed.