Nanostructured materials: State of the art and perspectives
Nanostructured materials: State of the art and perspectives
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DOI：
10.1016/0965-9773(95)00025-9
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发表时间：
1995-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gleiter, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gleiter, H
纳米结构材料（NsM）是由结构元素组成的固体-主要是微晶-具有几纳米的特征尺寸（至少在一个方向上）。NsM可以根据其组成结构元素的形状和化学组成分为12组。NsM的原子结构和性质偏离具有相同化学组成的单晶和/或玻璃的原子结构和性质。这种偏差是由于微晶尺寸减小、微晶形状（薄板、针状或等轴形状）引起的维度效应、以及结构元件之间界面中密度减小和/或配位数改变造成的。NsM是非平衡固体，因此，它们的结构和性质取决于制备模式和时间-温度历史。支持这一观点的一些意见进行了讨论。介绍了金属型、高分子型和半导体型三种非晶纳米材料的技术应用。
Nanostructured materials (NsM) are solids composed of structural elements - mostly crystallites - with a characteristic size (in at least one direction) of a few nanometers. NsM may be classified into twelve groups according to the shape and chemical composition of their constituent structural elements. The atomic structure and properties of NsM deviate from the ones of a single crystal and/or glass with the same chemical composition. This deviation results from the reduced size of the crystallites, dimensionality effects due to the shape of the crystallites (thin plates, needles or equiaxed shape), and the reduced density and/or modified coordination numbers in the interfaces between the structural elements. NsM are non-equilibrium solids and, hence, their structure and properties depend on the mode of preparation and on the time-temperature history. Some of the observations supporting this view are discussed. Technological applications of metallic, macromolecular and semiconducting NsM are described.