A comparative analysis of the evolution, expression, and cis-regulatory element of polygalacturonase genes in grasses and dicots
A comparative analysis of the evolution, expression, and cis-regulatory element of polygalacturonase genes in grasses and dicots
复制标题
禾本科和双子叶植物多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因的进化、表达和顺式调控元件的比较分析
DOI：
10.1007/s10142-016-0503-2
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Cao, Jiashu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liang, Ying;Yu, Youjian;Cao, Jiashu
细胞壁是植物生存所必需的一个显著特征。禾本科植物和双子叶植物初生细胞壁的果胶含量存在明显差异。多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PGs）可以降解果胶并参与植物的多个发育过程。本研究比较了禾本科植物和双子叶植物PGs的进化、表达及顺式调控元件。从五种禾本科植物和五种双子叶植物中共鉴定出577个PG，分属于七个分支。进化分析表明，禾本科植物和双子叶植物在基因复制和丢失模式以及进化速率方面存在明显差异。禾本科植物通常含有比双子叶植物少得多的进化枝C和F成员。我们发现这种差异是由于禾本科植物中较少的重复和较多的基因丢失造成的。进化枝D和E中的重复频率较高，表达分析表明，进化枝E中的大多数成员在禾本科植物和双子叶植物中普遍表达，进化枝D中的大多数成员在禾本科植物和双子叶植物中均与雄性生殖密切相关，表明其生物学功能在物种间高度保守。 进化枝C和F成员的调控元件分析表明，可能的功能，PG在特定的生物反应有助于其扩展和保存。这项工作可以提高对植物和禾本科植物中PG的认识，并有利于功能研究。
Cell walls are a distinguishing characteristic of plants essential to their survival. The pectin content of primary cell walls in grasses and dicots is distinctly different. Polygalacturonases (PGs) can degrade pectins and participate in multiple developmental processes of plants. This study comprehensively compared the evolution, expression, and cis-regulatory element of PGs in grasses and dicots. A total of 577 PGs identified from five grasses and five dicots fell into seven clades. Evolutionary analysis demonstrated the distinct differences between grasses and dicots in patterns of gene duplication and loss, and evolutionary rates. Grasses generally contained much fewer clade C and F members than dicots. We found that this disparity was the result of less duplication and more gene losses in grasses. More duplications occurred in clades D and E, and expression analysis showed that most of clade E members were expressed ubiquitously at a high overall level and clade D members were closely related to male reproduction in both grasses and dicots, suggesting their biological functions were highly conserved across species. A regulatory element analysis of clade C and F members implied that possible functions of PGs in specific biological responses contributed to their expansion and preservation. This work can improve the knowledge of PGs in plants generally and in grasses specifically and is beneficial to functional studies.