Sparing old-growth maximises conservation outcomes within selectively logged Amazonian rainforest
Sparing old-growth maximises conservation outcomes within selectively logged Amazonian rainforest
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110065
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发表时间：
2023-04-14
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Balmford, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cerullo, Gianluca;Franca, Filipe;Balmford, Andrew
木材开采威胁着大片热带生态系统，因此设计有效的采伐作业以限制生物多样性的下降至关重要。对比鲜明的管理选择跨越了一个连续不断的过程，从在更大范围内应用的不那么密集的土地共享伐木，到将密集采伐与保护古老森林相结合的节地作业。结合公司报告的萃取率和亚马逊伐木梯度上的粪甲虫调查，我们探索了单个物种的丰度、几何平均种群规模、功能多样性和特征特征在模拟伐木特许权和生产目标之间的差异。我们通过评估8000个混合收获方案和评估对比实践的盈利能力，大大扩展了先前的研究。只要最大限度地保护老树，就能为受伐木负面影响的物种提供最高的物种丰度和种群规模。最大限度地利用老树也支持具有不同功能特征(FDI、RaoQ)和功能结构的群落，它们的筑巢行会、生物量、前胸大小、前腿面积和前后腿比特征与老树林非常相似。功能均匀度(FEVE)、丰富度(FRIC)和发散度(FDiv)在不同的采伐策略中没有变化。大约3%的混合方法优于极端备用法(通过密集采伐最大限度地保留旧增长)，但仍涉及大量备用法，这是通过其他地方的强化采伐实现的。然而，更广泛的业务照常采伐比极端备用的利润高达90%，这表明需要积极的政策机制、标准或法规来使空间集中的采伐作业(有利于生物多样性)更具商业吸引力。保护老树似乎是限制热带木材特许权内生物多样性下降的关键，但需要支付款项来弥补利润的减少。
Timber extraction threatens a vast area of tropical ecosystems, making it vital to design productive harvesting operations that limit biodiversity declines. Contrasting management options span a continuum from less-intensive, land-sharing logging applied over a larger area to land-sparing operations that combine intensive harvesting with the preservation of old-growth forest. Combining company-reported extraction rates with dung beetle surveys along an Amazonian logging gradient, we explore how individual species' abundances, geometric mean population sizes, functional diversity, and trait characteristics vary across simulated logging concessions and production targets. We substantially extend previous studies by evaluating 8000 mixed-harvesting scenarios and by assessing the profitability of contrasting practices. Simply maximising old-growth protection delivers the highest species' abundances and population sizes for species negatively affected by logging. Maximising old-growth also supports communities with a functional trait dissimilarity (FDis, RaoQ) and functional structure of nesting guilds, biomass, pronotum volume, front leg area, and front:back leg ratio traits that closely resembles old-growth forest. Functional evenness (FEve), richness (FRic), and divergence (FDiv) did not vary across logging strategies. Some 3 % of mixed approaches outperform extreme sparing (which maximises old-growth retention through intensive logging) but still involve substantial sparing, enabled by intensified logging elsewhere. However more-extensive business-as-usual harvesting is up to 90 % more profitable than extreme sparing, suggesting active policy mechanisms, standards, or regulations would be needed to make spatially-concentrated logging operations (which benefit biodiversity) more commercially attractive. Old-growth sparing appears key to limiting biodiversity declines within tropical timber concessions, but would require payments to compensate for reduced profits.