Second gene for gonadotropin-releasing hormone in humans
Second gene for gonadotropin-releasing hormone in humans
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.95.1.305
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发表时间：
1998-01-06
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Fernald, RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
White, RB;Eisen, JA;Fernald, RD
促性腺激素释放激素（GnRN）是一种十肽，其通过作为下丘脑至垂体促性腺激素的信号而在调节生殖中的作用广为人知。除了下丘脑GnRH（GnRH-I）之外，具有未知功能的第二种GnRH形式（pGln-His-Trp-Ser-His-Gly-Trp-Tyr-Pro-Gly; GnRH-II）已定位于许多脊椎动物的中脑。我们在这里显示，编码GnRH-II的基因在人类中表达，位于染色体20 p13，不同于GnRH-I基因，是在8 p21-p11.2。GnRH-II基因组和mRNA结构与GnRH-I相似。然而，与GnRH-I相反，GnRH-II在脑外的表达水平显著更高（高达30倍），特别是在肾脏，骨髓和前列腺中。GnRH-II的广泛表达表明它可能具有多种功能。分子系统发育分析表明，这第二个基因可能是在脊椎动物出现之前重复的结果，并预测在人类和其他脊椎动物中存在第三种GnRH形式。
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRN) is a decapeptide widely known for its role in regulating reproduction by serving as a signal from the hypothalamus to pituitary gonadotropes. In addition to hypothalamic GnRH (GnRH-I), a second GnRH form (pGln-His-Trp-Ser-His-Gly-Trp-Tyr-Pro-Gly; GnRH-II) with unknown function has been localized to the midbrain of many vertebrates. We show here that a gene encoding GnRH-II is expressed in humans and is located on chromosome 20p13, distinct from the GnRH-I gene that is on 8p21-p11.2. The GnRH-II genomic and mRNA structures parallel those of GnRH-I. However, in contrast to GnRH-I, GnRH-II is expressed at significantly higher levels outside the brain (up to 30x), particularly in the kidney, bone marrow, and prostate. The widespread expression of GnRH-II suggests it may have multiple functions. Molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that this second gene is likely the result of a duplication before the appearance of vertebrates, and predicts the existence of a third GnRH form in humans and other vertebrates.