A Review of Pulmonary Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes in the Context of Smoking: A Focus on Inflammation.
A Review of Pulmonary Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes in the Context of Smoking: A Focus on Inflammation.
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DOI：
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0358
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发表时间：
2017-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wewers MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shields PG;Berman M;Brasky TM;Freudenheim JL;Mathe E;McElroy JP;Song MA;Wewers MD
电子烟的使用正在迅速增加，但其对肺毒性的影响在很大程度上尚不清楚。吸烟是肺癌和呼吸系统疾病的一个公认原因，部分原因是炎症。电子烟的使用可能会影响类似的炎症途径，这是合理的。电子烟被一些吸烟者用作戒烟或减少吸烟的辅助手段，而从不吸烟者（例如，青少年和年轻人）。影响疾病风险的相对效应可能因这些群体而异。细胞培养和实验动物数据表明，电子烟有可能诱发炎症，尽管比吸烟少得多。人体研究表明，吸烟者使用电子烟与烟草毒物的血液或尿液生物标志物的大幅减少有关，当完全转换和双重使用时。然而，这些生物标志物在多大程度上是潜在肺毒性的替代品仍不清楚。FDA现在拥有对电子烟的监管权，可以监管产品和电子烟液的设计特征，如尼古丁含量和输送、电压、电子烟液配方和口味。所有这些因素都可能影响肺毒性。这篇综述总结了与吸烟和电子烟使用相关的肺部炎症的当前数据，重点是人类肺部生物标志物。
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is increasing rapidly, but their effects on lung toxicity are largely unknown. Smoking is a well-established cause of lung cancer and respiratory disease, in part through inflammation. It is plausible that e-cig use might affect similar inflammatory pathways. E-cigs are used by some smokers as an aid for quitting or smoking reduction, and by never smokers (e.g., adolescents and young adults). The relative effects for impacting disease risk may differ for these groups. Cell culture and experimental animal data indicate that e-cigs have the potential for inducing inflammation, albeit much less than smoking. Human studies show that e-cig use in smokers is associated with substantial reductions in blood or urinary biomarkers of tobacco toxicants when completely switching and somewhat for dual use. However, the extent to which these biomarkers are surrogates for potential lung toxicity remains unclear. The FDA now has regulatory authority over e-cigs and can regulate product and e-liquid design features such as nicotine content and delivery, voltage, e-liquid formulations, and flavors. All of these factors may impact pulmonary toxicity. This review summarizes current data on pulmonary inflammation related to both smoking and e-cig use, with a focus on human lung biomarkers.